An earthquake occurred on 31 May 1935 between 2:30 am and 3:40 am at Quetta, Balochistan, British India (now part of Pakistan), close to the border with southern Afghanistan. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 Mw[3] and anywhere between 30,000 and 60,000 people died from the impact.[2] It was recorded as the deadliest earthquake to strike South Asia until 2005.[3] The quake was centred 4 km south-west of Ali Jaan, Balochistan, British India.[3]
Quetta and its neighbouring towns lie in the most active seismic region of Pakistan atop the Chaman and Chiltan faults. Movement on the Chaman Fault[4] resulted in an earthquake early in the morning on 31 May 1935 estimated anywhere between the hours of 2:33 am[3] and 3:40 am[5] which lasted for three minutes with continuous aftershocks. Although there were no instruments good enough to precisely measure the magnitude of the earthquake, modern estimates cite the magnitude as being a minimum of 7.7 Mw and previous estimates of 8.1 Mw are now regarded as an overestimate. The epicentre of the quake was established to be 4-kilometres south-west of the town of Ali Jaan in Balochistan, some 153-kilometres away from Quetta in British India. The earthquake caused destruction in almost all the towns close to Quetta, including the city itself, and tremors were felt as far as Agra, now in India. The largest aftershock was later measured at 5.8 Mw occurring on 2 June 1935.[3] The aftershock, however, did not cause any damage in Quetta, but the towns of Mastung, Maguchar and Kalat were seriously affected.[3]
The Chappar Rift in Balochistan, a landmark railway site, was affected by the 1935 earthquake, when the mountains opened up in parts. The gorges and rifts owe much to this earthquake for their appearance
^ abNational Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
^ abM.Y.H. Bangash (2011). Earthquake Resistant Buildings: Dynamic Analyses, Numerical Computations, Codified Methods, Case Studies and Examples. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 16. ISBN 978-3-540-93818-7.
^ abcdef"The great Quetta tragedy". Pakistan: Dawn. 25 October 2005.
^Pararas-Carayannis, G. "The Earthquake of May 30, 1935, in Quetta, Balochistan". Disaster Pages. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
^"1st Queen's at Quetta – The Earthquake". Queens Royal Surreys. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
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