The 1933 Atlantic hurricane season is the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record in terms of accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), with a total of 259.[1] It also set a record for nameable tropical storms in a single season, 20, which stood until 2005, when there were 28 storms.[nb 1][3] The season ran for six months of 1933, with tropical cyclone development occurring as early as May and as late as November. A system was active for all but 13 days from June 28 to October 7.
Because technologies such as Earth observation satellites were not available until the 1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from the early 20th century is often incomplete. Tropical cyclones that did not approach populated areas or shipping lanes, especially if they were relatively weak and of short duration, may have remained undetected.[4] Compensating for the lack of comprehensive observation and the limited technological ability to monitor all tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic Basin during this era, research meteorologist Christopher Landsea estimates that the 1933 season may have produced an additional 2–3 missed tropical cyclones.[4] A 2013 reanalysis of the 1933 Atlantic Hurricane Database did indeed identify two new tropical storms; however, it was also determined that two existing cyclones did not reach tropical storm intensity and so were removed from the database. Additionally, researchers found two existing storms to be one continuous system. As a result, the season storm total dropped from 21 to 20.[5]
Of the season's 20 documented tropical storms, 11 attained hurricane status. Six of those were major hurricanes, with sustained winds of over 111 mph (179 km/h). Two of the hurricanes reached winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), which is a Category 5 on the modern Saffir–Simpson scale.[nb 2] The season produced several deadly storms, with eight storms killing more than 20 people. All but 3 of the 20 known storms affected land at some point during their durations.
^Linker, Josh (September 16, 2020). "Why This Hurricane Season Isn't as Active as It Seems". baynews9.com. St. Petersburg, Florida: Bay News 9. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
^Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 31, 2021). "Subtropical Storm Wanda forms, exhausting the Atlantic list of storms". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
^Klotzbach, Philip J.; Schreck III, Carl J.; Compo, Gilbert P.; Bowen, Steven G.; Gibney, Ethan J.; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Bell, Michael M. (March 1, 2021). "The Record-Breaking 1933 Atlantic Hurricane Season". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 102 (3). American Meteorological Society: E446–E463. Bibcode:2021BAMS..102E.446K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0330.1. S2CID 225148236.
^ abLandsea, Christopher W. (May 1, 2007). "Counting Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Back to 1900" (PDF). Eos. Vol. 88, no. 18. Washington, D.C.: John Wiley & Sons for the American Geophysical Union. pp. 197–208. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
^Landsea, Christopher W.; Hagen, Andrew; Bredemeyer, William; Carrasco, Cristina; Glenn, David A.; Santiago, Adrian; Stratham-Sakoskie, Donna; Dickinson, Michael (August 15, 2014). "A Reanalysis of the 1931–43 Atlantic Hurricane Database" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 27 (16). American Meteorological Society: 6093–6118. Bibcode:2014JCli...27.6093L. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00503.1. S2CID 1785238. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
^Williams, Jack (May 17, 2005). "Hurricane scale invented to communicate storm danger". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 24, 2006. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
^Chronological List of All Continental United States Hurricanes: 1851–2012 (Report). Hurricane Research Division. June 2013. Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
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