Global InformationWestern Libya campaign information
| Western Libya campaign | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Second Libyan Civil War | |||||||
 Above: Map showing the Libyan National Army's offensive and Government of National Accord's counterattack within western Libya Libyan National Army control Government of National Accord control Neutral area (Bani Walid) (For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see here). | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
 Wagner Group[3][4][5] Sudan (RSF)[6] PFLL[7]Supported by:  United Arab Emirates[8][9][10][11] Russia[12] Egypt[10][13][14] Saudi Arabia[12] Israel (allegedly, denied by LNA)[15][16][17][18] France[19][11][20] Jordan[21] Syria[22] Iran (alleged)[23] |
Tripoli Protection Force[26]  Turkey[29][30] Qatar[31] Italy[32][33][34] | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
  Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar(LNA supreme commander) Maj. Gen. Abdulrazek al-Nadoori[39](Chief of staff) Maj. Gen. Abdul Salam al-Hassi(Senior commander) Brig. Gen. Ahmed al-Mismari(Senior commander) |
 Prime Minister Fayez al-Sarraj(head of Presidential Council) Maj. Gen. Osama al-Juwaili(joint operations room leader) Maj. Gen. Abdul Basset Marwan[40](Tripoli Military Region commander) Emad al-Tarabelsi[24](Capital security commander) Atef Braqeek(Tripoli Protection Force commander)  Abu Yaroub Al-Athari[41] †(al-Wefaq militia Commander) | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| See order of battle | See order of battle | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
unknown |
13,000 (June 2020)[41] 50 advisors[46] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
513 killed 1 MiG-21MF[a][47] 1 AN-26 lost[48] 2 Il-76 destroyed 2 Mi-35 captured,[49][50] and 8 UAVs lost,[51] 5 Pantsir destroyed or captured[52] 10–35 PMCs killed[53][54] 6 soldiers killed (per GNA; disputed)[b] 1 killed[55] |
1 Italian MQ-9 Reaper UAV lost[62][63] | ||||||
|
2,458+ killed overall (2,000+ combatants and 458 civilians)[64] 146,000 displaced[64]  1 US MQ-9 Reaper UAV lost[63] | |||||||
|
a On May 2020, GNA captured Al-Watiya Air Base and seized the remains of 2 Mirage F1 and 1 Su-22, but none of them were operational and mostly were used to make spare parts.[65] b UAE announced the death of six soldiers in a car collision in Yemen. However, the GNA stated that they were killed by GNA airstrikes in Libya.[66][67][68] | |||||||
The Western Libya campaign was a military campaign initiated on 4 April 2019 by the Operation Flood of Dignity (Arabic: عملية طوفان الكرامة) of the Libyan National Army, which represents the Libyan House of Representatives, to capture the western region of Libya and eventually the capital Tripoli held by the United Nations Security Council-recognised Government of National Accord. The Government of National Accord regained control over all of Tripoli in June 2020 and the LNA forces withdrew from the capital, after fourteen months of fighting.[69]
The offensive resulted in over 2,468 dead.[64] It began on 4 April 2019,[70] 10 days before the Libyan National Conference for organising presidential and parliamentary elections in Libya had been planned to take place,[71] and five days after the first session of the 2019 Libyan local elections was held successfully.[72] As a result of the offensive, United Nations Support Mission in Libya postponed the forthcoming Libyan National Conference.[71]
War crimes and crimes against humanity that take place during the conflict are covered by the mandate of the International Criminal Court investigation in Libya under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970.[73][74]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Kirkpatrick, David D. (5 November 2019). "Russian Snipers, Missiles and Warplanes Try to Tilt Libyan War". The New York Times.
- ^ a b "Number of Russian mercenaries fighting for Haftar in Libya rises to 1400, report says". 16 November 2019.
- ^ "'Wherever Wagner goes destruction happens': Libya's GNA slams Russian role in conflict". Middle East Eye.
- ^ de Waal, Alex (20 July 2019). "Sudan crisis: The ruthless mercenaries who run the country for gold". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
terrorists claimswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "UN team: UAE is developing its air base in eastern Libya". Middle East Monitor. 2 March 2018.
- ^ Ganguly, Manisha (6 November 2019). "Foreign jet suspected in Libya migrant attack". BBC News.
- ^ a b "Haftar attacking Tripoli with Egyptian, UAE and Saudi arms, Libya General claims". Middle East Monitor. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ a b Elumami, Ahmed (15 April 2019). "U.N. Libya envoy says Haftar made coup attempt with advance on Tripoli". Reuters. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ a b Malsin, Jared; Said, Summer (12 April 2019). "Saudi Arabia Promised Support to Libyan Warlord in Push to Seize Tripoli". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 15 April 2019 – via www.wsj.com.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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:5was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Silverstein, Richard. "Haftar: Israeli secret aid to Libya's strongman reveals a new friend in Africa". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Libya's Haftar 'provided with Israeli military aid following UAE-mediated meetings with Mossad agents'". The New Arab. 24 July 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Libya's Haftar had lengthy meeting with Israeli intelligence officer". Middle East Monitor. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ "Libya: Flight data places mysterious planes in Haftar territory". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
- ^ Bar'el, Zvi (13 April 2019). "Analysis From Bouteflika to Bashir, Powers Shift. But the Second Arab Spring Is Far From Breaking Out". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ Taylor, Paul (17 April 2019). "France's double game in Libya". POLITICO.
- ^ "Jordan arming Libya's Haftar with armored vehicles and weapons". 23 May 2019.
- ^ "Benghazi-based Libyan gov't sends first official delegation to Syria". Al Masdar News. 1 March 2020. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "The Iran-Haftar links in Libya". 17 July 2020.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
expresswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Fighting flares on outskirts of Tripoli". BBC. 6 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Haftar forces capture old Tripoli airport after clashes near Libyan capital". Middle East Eye and agencies. 5 April 2019.
- ^ "Battle rages for Libya's capital, airport bombed". Reuters. 9 April 2019.
- ^ "300 pro-Turkey Syrian rebels sent to Libya to support UN-backed gov't: watchdog". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019.
- ^ "Turkey is set to send troops to Libya, Turkey is set to send troops to Libya". The Economist.
- ^ "Bloomberg Libya Government Gets Arms Shipment as Tripoli Offensive Stalls". bloomberg.com. 18 May 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ^ "Haftar must win over militias to take Tripoli: analysts". 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ According to Sarraj's spokesperson, General Mohammed Qnounou, Italy provided satellite imagery of LNA movements to the GNA
- ^ Sarraj: satelliti italiani ci aiutano contro Haftar (in Italian)
- ^ "Arms Trade Bulletin January – February 2020". IPIS Research. 6 March 2020.
- ^ "Libya conflict: GNA regains full control of Tripoli from Gen Haftar". BBC News. 4 June 2020.
The recapture of the international airport in Tripoli - long out of use - is the strongest symbolic victory for the Libyan government so far, reports the BBC's Arab affairs editor Sebastian Usher.
- ^ "UN-backed Libyan forces oust renegade general from Tripoli". the Guardian. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Libya's GNA says it regained full control of the capital, Tripoli". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "GNA vows to retake Libya's east after Sirte offensive". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ Libya's PC denies negotiations with Haftar's forces, demands UN fact-finding mission Archived 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Libya Observer. Published 21 April 2019.
- ^ Violent Standoff in Tripoli; Civilians Displaced, Suffering. Voice of America, 2 May 2019.
- ^ a b "Celebrating the return of commander from Libya - Al-Hamza Division members open fire up in the air in Jendires triggering panic among people". 15 June 2020.
- ^ a b "In Libya's anti-Haftar bastion, a resolve to fight hardens". Reuters. 20 June 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Russia makes 'brazen' military intervention in Libyan conflict • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 9 June 2020.
- ^ Jason Burke; Zeinab Mohammed Salih (24 December 2019). "Mercenaries flock to Libya raising fears of prolonged war". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ^ Lacher, Wolfram (2019). "Who is fighting whom in Tripoli? How the 2019 civil war is transforming Libya's military landscape" (PDF). Security Assessment in North Africa Briefing Paper. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- ^ "المرتزقة السوريون في ليبيا... من الإذعان إلى العصيان هل كشف المقاتلون السوريون خداع الحكومة التركية لهم وتحقيق مصالحها في ليبيا؟". 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Haftar forces' fighter jet downed near Libya capital, says unity government". english.alarabiya.net. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
- ^ "Sunday 5 April 2020". 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Turkish-backed forces seize Russian-made Mi-35 chopper: video". Al Masdar. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Turkish fighters captured a Mi-35 combat helicopter
- ^ "Libyan War Claimed 25 Large military Drones in 2020". Defenseworld. 2 July 2020.
- ^ "A Turkish drone destroyed another Pantsir-S air defense missile defense system in Libya - already the 20th". Avia.pro. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ A small price to pay for Tripoli Between 10 and 35 Russian mercenaries have been killed in the Libyan Civil War. We identified several of them.
- ^ "From Tripoli's front lines: How Haftar recovered from the setback in Gharyan and what's next for the advancing LNA".
- ^ "Libya's war | First fighter of Russian-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in Libya's battles, and number of recruits jumps to 450 • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 24 May 2020.
- ^ نت, العربية (27 December 2019). "المسماري: عشرات الجثث للميليشيات بطريق مطار طرابلس". العربية نت.
- ^ 3 Mirage F1,[1][2][3] Archived 22 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 5 L-39,[4][5][6] Archived 16 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine[7], 1 Il-78 [8] 1 helicopter,[9] 2 TAI Anka, [10][11], 17 Bayraktars TB2 [12], 1 Bayraktar Mini [13] Archived 17 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, 1 IAI Harpy/IAI Harop [14]
- ^ "Turkish involvement in Libya's war | Turkey sends new 400 mercenaries to Libya, and over 350 killed so far • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 1 June 2020.
- ^ "LNA Says Turkish Battleship Strikes Area in Western Libya". Asharq AL-awsat.
- ^ "Libya crisis | Turkey keeps sending mercenaries to Libya, 20 children among 331 Turkish-backed fighters killed so far • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 29 May 2020.
- ^ "Turkey says 2 Turkish soldiers killed in Libya". 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Pro-Haftar forces in Libya 'shoot down Italian drone'". Times of Malta. 21 November 2019.
- ^ a b Cenciotti, David (23 November 2019). "U.S. Drone Lost Over Tripoli The Day After Italy Lost a Predator B in Libya: New Jamming Capability Deployed?".
- ^ a b c "Libyan warlord Haftar leaves Moscow without signing ceasefire deal". The Guardian. 14 January 2020.
ONE YEAR OF DESTRUCTIVE WAR IN LIBYA, UNSMIL RENEWS CALLS FOR IMMEDIATE CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES AND UNITY TO COMBAT COVID-19
Negotiated Solution in Libya Crucial as Foreign Interference Grows, Thousands Flee Homes, Secretary-General Warns Security Council, Stressing Time ‘Not on Our Side’ - ^ Cite error: The named reference
italyradarwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Libya's GNA Air Force destroys Haftar's defenses at Al-Jufra airbase, 6 UAE soldiers killed". 13 September 2019.
- ^ "Six UAE soldiers killed in 'operations field' accident: State media". Middle East Eye.
- ^ "Six UAE servicemen killed in Yemen road accident". Reuters. 13 September 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
- ^ "Eastern forces quit Libyan capital after year-long assault". Reuters. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ "Khalifa Haftar, Libya's strongest warlord, makes a push for Tripoli". The Economist. 5 April 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ^ a b Zaptia, Sami (9 April 2019). "UNSMIL postpones Ghadames National Conference until conditions are right". Libya Herald. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
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HRW_ICC_jurisdictionwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Bensouda_20190417was invoked but never defined (see the help page).