Vespula rufa, commonly known as the red wasp,[3] is a social wasp species belonging to the genus Vespula. It is found in northern and central Europe, parts of Asia,[4] and northern parts of North America.[4]Vespula rufa is characterised by red-brown markings and body segmentation, with the appearance varying amongst the different roles of individuals in the species.[5] These wasps build small nests in dry banks underground that are not far below the surface.[4] The colony cycle begins in the fall.[4]Vespula rufa feed on live insects.[6] One interesting fact about Vespula rufa is that the queen policing occurs in the species, and that worker policing occurs at much lower rates than other species in the genus Vespula.[7] There are predators and parasites of the species. The species goes through a series of events before leaving the nest.
^Carpenter, James M.; Dvořák, Libor; Kojima, Jun-Ichi; Nguyen, Lien T.P.; Perrard, Adrien; Pickett, Kurt M. (April 2011). "Taxonomic Notes on the Vespinae of Yunnan (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)". American Museum Novitates (3709): 1–10. doi:10.1206/3709.2. S2CID 85626082.
^Chiu, Liang-Yi & Chen, Shu-Pei. (2014, September 24). Vespula rufa. Retrieved from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Vespula+rufa
^Archer, M. E. (2001). Vespula rufa (Linnaeus,1758). Retrieved from: http://www.bwars.com/index.php?q=wasp/vespidae/vespinae/vespula-rufa
^ abcdArcher, Michael E. (1997, July 31). TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION AND NESTING BIOLOGY OF THE SPECIES OF THE EURO-ASIAN VESPULA RUFA GROUP (HYM., VESPINAE). ENTOMOLOGISTS MONTHLY MAGAZINE, 133. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/1463411/Archer_1997a_Taxonomy_distribution_and_nesting_biology_of_the_Euro-Asian_species_of_the_Vespula_rufa_group_Hymenoptera_Vespidae_
^Cite error: The named reference Identification was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Vespinae was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Wenseleers, T., Badcock, N., S., Erven, K., Tofilski, A., Nascimento, F., S., Hart, A., G., Burke, T., A., Archer, M., E., & Ratnieks, F., L., W. (2005). A Test of Worker Policing Theory in an Advanced Eusocial Wasp, Vespula rufa. Evolution, 59 (6), 1306-1314. https://www.jstor.org/stable/344890
Vespularufa, commonly known as the red wasp, is a social wasp species belonging to the genus Vespula. It is found in northern and central Europe, parts...
this genus inhabit North America, four Vespula species inhabit Europe, namely V. austriaca, V. germanica, V. rufa, and V. vulgaris. Two common European...
to mid-September. Vespula austriaca takes advantage of hosts such as Vespularufa from East Siberia, Europe, and Honshû Japan. Vespula austriaca larvae...
Vespula squamosa, or the southern yellowjacket, is a social wasp. This species can be identified by its distinctive black and yellow patterning and orange...
Vespula acadica, also known as the Forest Yellowjacket, is a North American species of eusocial wasp which is part of the "rufa" group within the genus...
considered it to be a xanthic form of Vespularufa. Bohart and Bechtel (1957) considered it a subspecies of Vespularufa but Miller (1961) recognized it as...
synonym of Vespularufa, but no clear evidence of its classification is present, with a mixed divide on its status from entomologists. "Species Vespula intermedia...
nests, consuming the occupants, combs, and envelope, such as that of Vespularufa nests, since their thick skin and body hair protect the badgers from...
worker policing, researchers examined the removal of worker-laid eggs in Vespularufa, a wasp that has low paternity. Under the testing conditions, worker...
Osmia bicornis (synonym Osmia rufa) is a species of mason bee, and is known as the red mason bee due to its covering of dense gingery hair. It is a solitary...
Dolichovespula sylvestris – Tree wasp Vespula austriaca Vespularufa – red wasp Vespula germanica – German wasp Vespula vulgaris – common wasp Cerceris rybyensis...
wasps exploit the brood cells and nest for shelter and food from the bees. Vespula austriaca is another wasp in which the females force the host workers to...
could reduce spore viability, similar to the antibacterial activity of Vespula wasp larvae's saliva. Some honeybee workers become specialized for near-continuous...
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