1814 treaty between the UK, Sweden, and Denmark–Norway
Treaty of Kiel
Kieltraktaten(Danish) Freden i Kiel(Swedish)
Translated reprint of the part concerned with Norway
Type
Peace treaty
Context
War of the Sixth Coalition during the Napoleonic Wars
Signed
14 January 1814
Location
Kiel, Duchy of Holstein
Parties
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Denmark–Norway
Sweden
Language
French
The Treaty of Kiel (Danish: Kieltraktaten) or Peace of Kiel (Swedish and Norwegian: Kielfreden or freden i Kiel) was concluded between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Sweden on one side and the Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway on the other side on 14 January 1814 in Kiel.[1] It ended the hostilities between the parties in the ongoing Napoleonic Wars, where the United Kingdom and Sweden were part of the anti-French camp (the Sixth Coalition) while Denmark–Norway was allied to France.[1]
Frederick VI of Denmark joined the anti-French alliance, ceded Heligoland to George III of the United Kingdom, and further ceded the Kingdom of Norway to Charles XIII, to enter a union with Sweden, in return for Swedish Pomerania.[1] Specifically excluded from the exchange were the Norwegian dependencies of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, which remained in the union with Denmark.[2] (Norway would unsuccessfully contest the Danish claim to all of Greenland in the Eastern Greenland Case of 1931–33.[3])
However, not all provisions of the treaty would come into force. Norway declared its independence, adopted a constitution and elected Crown Prince Christian Frederik as its own king. Sweden therefore refused to hand over Swedish Pomerania, which instead passed to Prussia after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. After a short war with Sweden, Norway accepted entering into a personal union with Sweden at the Convention of Moss. King Christian Frederik abdicated after convening an extraordinary Storting, which revised the Constitution to allow for the Union. It was formally established when the Storting elected Charles XIII as king of Norway on 4 November 1814.
The TreatyofKiel (Danish: Kieltraktaten) or Peace ofKiel (Swedish and Norwegian: Kielfreden or freden i Kiel) was concluded between the United Kingdom...
the crowns of Denmark and Norway was dissolved in 1814, the TreatyofKiel severed Norway's former colonies and left them under the control of the Danish...
annexation of the realm as compensation for the loss of Finland in 1809 and as a reward for joining the alliance against Napoleon. By the 1814 TreatyofKiel, the...
The Kiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal, literally "North [Sea]–East (i.e. Baltic) Sea canal", formerly known as the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Kanal) is a 98 km...
ceded to Denmark in exchange for Norway in the TreatyofKiel, and in 1815, as a result of the Congress of Vienna, transferred to Prussia. The largest cities...
and Iceland was formally ceded to Denmark in 1814 by the TreatyofKiel. Influenced by ideals of nationalism after the French Revolution, Iceland's struggle...
formally ceded to Denmark in 1814 by the TreatyofKiel along with Greenland and Iceland. Following the re-establishment of an official Faroese orthography by...
side in 1814, it was forced by the TreatyofKiel to cede Norway to Sweden, while the old Norwegian provinces of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands...
the town of Stralsund and the island of Rügen was ceded to Denmark, which in exchange ceded Norway to the king of Sweden under the TreatyofKiel, which...
being on the losing side of the Napoleonic Wars with Denmark, Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden by the TreatyofKiel. Norway declared its independence...
of Denmark. The TreatyofKiel (14 January 1814) formally dissolved the Dano-Norwegian union and ceded the territory of Norway proper to the King of Sweden...
palaces of the period which can be seen in Copenhagen and other parts of Denmark. The TreatyofKiel stipulated that Norway was to be ceded by the king of Denmark–Norway...
Faroes as a condition of the TreatyofKiel. The Faroe Islands were incorporated into Denmark in 1851 with the implementation of the Danish constitution....
the Treatyof Paris between France and the Sixth Coalition, and the TreatyofKiel that covered issues raised regarding Scandinavia. The Treatyof Paris...
VI of Denmark was forced to sign the TreatyofKiel on 15 January 1814 that ceded Norway to Sweden, that in turn led to the Swedish–Norwegian War of 1814...
14 January 1814, at the TreatyofKiel, the king of Denmark-Norway ceded Norway to the king of Sweden. The terms of the treaty provoked widespread opposition...
Denmark–Norway and Sweden until the breakup of Denmark and Norway in 1814. Under the TreatyofKiel, Denmark retained possession of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe...
Treatyof Fontainbleau on 11 April 1814, Bernadotte found himself planning and leading yet another campaign to see the results of the TreatyofKiel fully...
head of the Norwegian party of independence after the TreatyofKiel had forced the king to cede Norway to the king of Sweden. He was elected Regent of Norway...
The Treatyof Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treatyof World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany...
Napoleonic wars. Under the TreatyofKiel, negotiated on 14 January 1814, Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden, of the new House of Bernadotte. In an attempt...
which was ruled from Copenhagen by the House of Oldenburg until Norway was ceded to Sweden at the TreatyofKiel in 1814 following Denmark-Norway's defeat...
post-Napoleonic Congress of Vienna demanded the dissolution of the Dano-Norwegian union, and this was confirmed by the TreatyofKiel in 1814. The treaty transferred...
Denmark as a result of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. As a result of the TreatyofKiel, Denmark resumed full sovereignty over Greenland soon after. From 1814...
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