Global InformationTajikistan information
Republic of Tajikistan Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tajik) Jumhurii Tojikiston Республика Таджикистан (Russian) Respublika Tadzhikistan | |
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 Flag
 Emblem
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| Motto: Истиқлол, Озодӣ, Ватан (Tajik) Istiqlol, Ozodí, Vatan "Independence, Freedom, Homeland" | |
| Anthem: Суруди Миллӣ (Tajik) Surudi Milli "National Anthem" | |
 Location of Tajikistan (green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Dushanbe 38°33′N 68°48′E / 38.550°N 68.800°E |
| Official languages |
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| Spoken languages |
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| Ethnic groups (2020[2]) |
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| Religion (2020)[3][4] |
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| Demonym(s) |
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| Government | Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[7] |
• President | Emomali Rahmon |
• Prime Minister | Kokhir Rasulzoda |
| Legislature | Supreme Assembly |
• Upper house | National Assembly |
• Lower house | Assembly of Representatives |
| Formation | |
• Sovereignty declared | 24 August 1990 |
• Republic of Tajikistan declared | 31 August 1991 |
• Independence declared from USSR | 9 September 1991 |
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 |
| Area | |
• Total | 143,100[8][9][10] km2 (55,300 sq mi) (94th) |
• Water | 2,575 km2 (994 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 1.8 |
| Population | |
• 1 Jan 2023 estimate |  10,077,600[11] (92nd) |
• Density | 48.6/km2 (125.9/sq mi) (155th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $53.679 billion[12] (119th) |
• Per capita | $5,360[12] (148th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $11.816 billion[12] (151st) |
• Per capita | $1,180[12] (167th) |
| Gini (2015) | 34[13] medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.685[14] medium (122nd) |
| Currency | Somoni (TJS) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (TJT) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +992 |
| ISO 3166 code | TJ |
| Internet TLD | .tj |
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Tajikistan,[a] officially the Republic of Tajikistan,[b] is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor.
The territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm,[16] and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire and subsequently by the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929.[17]
On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led by Emomali Rahmon since 1994, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.[18][19]
Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country,[20] and their national language is Tajik, a variety of Persian.[21] Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 96% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.
- ^ Constitution of Tajikistan
- ^ https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf
- ^ "2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Tajikistan". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
pewforum.orgwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Tajikistan – World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ M. A., Geography; B. A., Geography. "Ever Wonder What Residents of a Particular Country Are Called?". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- ^ "Democracy Index 2020". Economist Intelligence Unit. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "General information". Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan to France. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
Territorу – 143.1 thsd. square kilometers
- ^ "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. p. 6. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
Continent, country or area{...}Surface area Superficie (km²) 2012{...}Tajikistan – Tadjikistan{...}143 100
- ^ Alex Sodiqov (24 January 2011). "Tajikistan cedes disputed land to China". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 8 (16). Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
On January 12, the lower house of the Tajik parliament voted to ratify the 2002 border demarcation agreement, handing over 1,122 square kilometers (433 square miles) of mountainous land in the remote Pamir Mountains (www.asiaplus.tj, January 12). The ceded land represents about 0.8 percent of the country's total area of 143,100 square kilometers (55,250 square miles).
- ^ "Presidential Statistical Agency of the Republic of Tajikistan". 1 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Tajikistan)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". databank.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН". prokuratura.tj. Parliament of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- ^ "Proto-urban Site of Sarazm". UNESCO.org. UNESCO. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
- ^ Bergne, Paul (2007) The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic, IB Taurus & Co Ltd, pg. 39–40
- ^ "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan". Human Rights Watch. 15 January 2019. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
- ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon | DW | 12.10.2020". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "Tajikistan Ethnic groups – Demographics". www.indexmundi.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "People of Tajikistan".
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