The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts. Bringing the assimilation of France's Symbolism, Decadence and Parnassianism, it promoted a distinctly urban culture, characterized by cosmopolitanism, Francophilia and endorsement of Westernization, and was generally opposed to either rural themes or patriotic displays in art. Like its Western European counterparts, the movement stood for idealism, sentimentalism or exoticism, alongside a noted interest in spirituality and esotericism, covering on its own the ground between local Romanticism and the emerging modernism of the fin de siècle. Despite such unifying traits, Romanian Symbolism was an eclectic, factionalized and often self-contradictory current.
Originally presided upon by poet and novelist Alexandru Macedonski, founder of Literatorul magazine, the movement sparked much controversy with its stated disregard for established convention. The original circle of Symbolists made adversaries among the conservative Junimea club, as well as among the traditionalist writers affiliated with Sămănătorul review and the left-wing Poporanists. However, Romanian Symbolism also radiated within these venues: sympathetic to Junimea's art for art's sake principles, it also communicated to neoromantic sensibilities within the traditionalist clubs, and comprised a socialist wing of its own. In parallel, the notoriety of Macedonski's circle contributed to the development of other influential Symbolist and post-Symbolist venues, including Ovid Densusianu's Vieața Nouă and Ion Minulescu's Revista Celor L'alți, as well as to the birth of artists' clubs such as Tinerimea Artistică. The latter category of Symbolist venues helped introduce and promote the aesthetics of Art Nouveau, Vienna Secession, post-Impressionism and related schools.
Before and during World War I, with the birth of magazines such as Simbolul and Chemarea, the modernist current within Symbolism mutated into the avant-garde trend, while the more conservative Symbolist circles made a return to Neoclassicism. Other manifestations of Symbolism, prolonged by the ideology of Eugen Lovinescu's Sburătorul review, continued to play a part in Romanian cultural life throughout the interwar period.
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19th-century movement rejecting Realism Symbolist movementinRomania, symbolist literature and visual arts inRomania during the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
published in its pages. Rival writer Jean Moréas published his Symbolist Manifesto, largely to escape association with the Decadent movement, despite their...
September] 1881 – 22 May 1957) was a Romaniansymbolist poet. While he initially belonged to the local Symbolistmovement, launched as a poet by Alexandru...
for the Romaniansin Transylvania. This movement, however, leaned more towards westernization in general, when in fact, the origin of the Romanian people...
heavily influenced by the growing Symbolistmovement and Parisian Bohemianism. A herald of Romania's own Symbolistmovement, he had a major influence on local...
to attract collaborations from established Symbolist authors, active within Romania's own Symbolistmovement. Alongside their close friend and mentor Adrian...
Bacovia was a symbolist poet. While he initially belonged to the local Symbolistmovement, his poetry came to be seen as a precursor of Romanian Modernism...
bloody and violent. Frida Kahlo's Symbolist works relate strongly to Surrealism and to the magic realism movementin literature. Political activism was...
author of The Railway Man, in Edinburgh (d. 2012) Died: Barbu Nemțeanu, Romanian poet, member of the SymbolistmovementinRomania (b. 1887) Estonian War...
Italy (d. 1990) Died: Mircea Demetriade, Romanian poet, early member of the SymbolistmovementinRomania (b. 1861) The First Battle of the Marne ended...
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Symbolistmovement, and spent his later life in relative isolation from all literary circles. Lecca's poetry, recognized as formally accomplished in its...
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Literatorul circle. His main contributions appeared in publications associated with the local Symbolistmovement: Literatorul, Generația nouă, Ilustrațiunea română...
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Creangă), Romanian traditionalists or Neoromantics (Vasile Alecsandri, Ion Luca Caragiale, George Coșbuc, Mihai Eminescu) and French Symbolists. In 1909,...
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the Kingdom of Romania. Making his publishing debut in Alexandru Macedonski's Forța Morală in 1901, and subsequently joining the Symbolist writing club...
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