Two separate velocities in machine tool practice, cutting speed and feed rate
A line drawing showing some basic concepts of speeds and feeds in the context of lathe work. The angular velocity of the workpiece (rev/min) is called the "spindle speed" by machinists. Its tangential linear equivalent at the workpiece surface (m/min or sfm) is called the "cutting speed", "surface speed", or simply the "speed" by machinists. The "feeds" may be for the X-axis or the Z-axis (typically mm/rev or inch/rev for lathe work; sometimes measured as mm/min or inch/min). Notice that as the tool plunges closer to the workpiece's center, the same spindle speed will yield a decreasing surface (cutting) speed (because each rev represents a smaller circumferential distance, but takes the same amount of time). Most CNC lathes have constant surface speed to counteract that natural decrease, which speeds up the spindle as the tool plunges in.Photo of a milling cutter during a cutting operation. Arrows show the vectors of various velocities collectively known as speeds and feeds. The circular arrow represents the angular velocity of the spindle (rev/min), called the "spindle speed" by machinists. The tangential arrow represents the tangential linear velocity (m/min or sfm) at the outer diameter of the cutter, called the "cutting speed", "surface speed", or simply the "speed" by machinists. The arrow colinear with the slot that has been milled represents the linear velocity at which the cutter is advanced laterally (usually mm/min or inch/min for milling; may also be measured as mm/rev or inch/rev). This velocity is called the "feed" by machinists.
The phrase speeds and feeds or feeds and speeds refers to two separate velocities in machine tool practice, cutting speed and feed rate. They are often considered as a pair because of their combined effect on the cutting process. Each, however, can also be considered and analyzed in its own right.
Cutting speed (also called surface speed or simply speed) is the speed difference (relative velocity) between the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece it is operating on. It is expressed in units of distance across the workpiece surface per unit of time, typically surface feet per minute (sfm) or meters per minute (m/min).[1]Feed rate (also often styled as a solid compound, feedrate, or called simply feed) is the relative velocity at which the cutter is advanced along the workpiece; its vector is perpendicular to the vector of cutting speed. Feed rate units depend on the motion of the tool and workpiece; when the workpiece rotates (e.g., in turning and boring), the units are almost always distance per spindle revolution (inches per revolution [in/rev or ipr] or millimeters per revolution [mm/rev]).[2] When the workpiece does not rotate (e.g., in milling), the units are typically distance per time (inches per minute [in/min or ipm] or millimeters per minute [mm/min]), although distance per revolution or per cutter tooth are also sometimes used.[2]
If variables such as cutter geometry and the rigidity of the machine tool and its tooling setup could be ideally maximized (and reduced to negligible constants), then only a lack of power (that is, kilowatts or horsepower) available to the spindle would prevent the use of the maximum possible speeds and feeds for any given workpiece material and cutter material. Of course, in reality those other variables are dynamic and not negligible, but there is still a correlation between power available and feeds and speeds employed. In practice, lack of rigidity is usually the limiting constraint.
The phrases "speeds and feeds" or "feeds and speeds" have sometimes been used metaphorically to refer to the execution details of a plan, which only skilled technicians (as opposed to designers or managers) would know.
filtration is called the feedSpeedsandfeeds All pages with titles beginning with Feed All pages with titles containing FeedFEED (disambiguation) Feeder...
thrust force acts in the radial direction and tends to push the tool away from the workpiece. Speedsandfeeds for turning are chosen based on cutter material...
programmed with built-in formulas making it easy and quick for machinists to establish speeds, feedsand time without guesswork or conversion charts. Formulas...
product to be lower-priced, and the quality can still be good as long as the sheet is thick enough. Counterbore Speedsandfeeds Spotface Warrendale, PA (2013)...
methamphetamine include: meth, speed, crank and shabu (also sabu and shabu-shabu) in Indonesia and the Philippines, and for the hydrochloride crystal,...
speedsandfeed rates can be substantially increased when coolants are used and carbide tooling is substituted for steel tooling. Typical Speedsand Feeds...
are several reasons for this. First of all, at the very high cutting speedsandfeeds supported by these materials, the cutting tip can reach temperatures...
casting can be obtained from the material Machinability rating Machining speedsandfeeds Brittleness: Ability of a material to break or shatter without significant...
microinches, and roughing will be near 500 microinches. Cutting fluid is commonly used to cool the drill bit, increase tool life, increase speedsandfeeds, increase...
life of mainly drilling and tapping with limited milling use. Double-lead taps and insert taps need different speedsandfeeds, and different starting hole...
High Speed Vendor Feed (HSVF) is the market data vendor protocol of the electronic Sola Trading platform that is used for the dissemination of market...
calculations used in cutting data (speedsandfeeds, metal removal rates, cutting time, etc.) and practical hints and troubleshooting tips. A similar package...
called a "'speeds-and-feeds' public relations contest". By 2004, Juniper controlled 38% of the core router market. By 2007, it had a 5%, 18% and 30% share...
chatter, both by predicting and preventing it and by early automatic detection and correction (via dynamic changes of speedsandfeeds) when it does occur. "Corporate...
not necessary in those applications, where heavy cuts, aggressive speedsandfeeds, and constant, all-day cutting are not vital. As technology continually...
carbide tooling offered an improvement in cutting speedsandfeeds so remarkable that, like high-speed steel had done two decades earlier, it forced machine...
give any inherent speed advantage within the context of an automatic lathe cycle in terms of speedsandfeeds or tool-changing speed. There are many variables...
usually never run at surface speeds higher than 350 SFM. Solid HSS cold saw blades may be used for cutting many different shapes and types of metal including:...
increases in speedand a high maximum speed. Moving at high speeds allows the members of this family to regulate their feeding habits and avoid predators...
obtain various spindle speedsandfeed rates while transmitting the higher amounts of power needed to take full advantage of high-speed steel tools. Cutting...
Global Information
