Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid (1981–1982) Sheikh Yusuf Ali Sheikh Madar (1982–1983)[1] Hassan Adan Wadadid (1982–1983) Colonel Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi (1983–1984)[1] Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud (1984–1990) Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur (1990–1991)[2]
Group(s)
Isaaq
Headquarters
London (1981–1982) Dire Dawa (1982–1989) Hargeisa (1989–1991)[3]
Active regions
Somaliland Somalia Ethiopia[4]
Ideology
Anti-communism Sharia
Allies
USC Ethiopia
Opponents
Somalia
Battles and wars
Somaliland War of Independence
Preceded by Afraad
Succeeded by Somaliland
The Somali National Movement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen[5] groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence.[6] The organisation was founded in London, England, on April 6, 1981 by Hassan Isse Jama, Hassan Adan Wadadid, and Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid and other former Somali diplomats, who stated that initially the group's purpose was to overthrow the Siad Barre regime.[7]
In May 1991, the organisation declared an independent Republic of Somaliland in the region that had constituted British Somaliland before independence and unification with the former colony of Italian Somaliland in 1960 after a bloody war of independence.[8]
^ abCite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Civil Society & their role in Africa's struggle to deepen democracy: Experiences of Somaliland in the Horn by Cde. Iqbal Jhazbhay" (PDF). www.alnef.org.za. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
^Connaughton, Stacey L.; Berns, Jessica (2019-09-09). Locally Led Peacebuilding: Global Case Studies. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1411-7.
^Tekle, Amare, ed. (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia : from conflict to cooperation (1. print. ed.). Lawrenceville (N.J.): the Red sea paper. p. 150. ISBN 0932415970.
^The Somali national movements message to Somalia, retrieved 2024-01-07
^United States Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Resource Information Center. "Somalia: Somali National Movement from its inception through the present".
^Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Somalia: a country study, Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.
^Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 28 Related for: Somali National Movement information
The SomaliNationalMovement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized...
wing of the USC, the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), the Somali Southern NationalMovement (SSNM) and Somali Democratic Movement (SDM). The organization...
the Somali Football Federation (SFF) was founded. The first Somali commissioner for sport was later established in 1958. Although the Somalinational football...
Mohamed Aidid's breakaway United Somali Congress faction, the Somali Patriotic Movement, Southern SomaliNationalMovement, and other southern factions....
The Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM, Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was a major politico-military faction...
including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the SomaliNationalMovement in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the...
Gulaid (Somali: Axmed Maxamed Guuleed; 16 June 1930 – 21 December 1992) aka Ahmed Jimaleh was the first chairman of SomaliNationalMovement (SNM). Gulaid...
Somalia established a national army to defend the nascent Somali Republic's borders. A law to that effect was passed on 6 April 1960. Thus the Somali...
The SomaliNational Front (SNF) (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Jabhada Soomaliyeed) was a politico-military organization that operated in southern Somalia during...
The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية, al-Jumhūrīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah...
Somali Civil War. Among the militia groups were the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), United Somali Congress (USC), SomaliNationalMovement (SNM)...
Dirie (Somali: Maxamed Xaashi Diiriye Lixle), commonly known as Lihle (Somali: Lixle) was a Somali military leader, colonel of the SomaliNational Army...
or Aideed (Somali: Maxamed Faarax Xasan Garaad, 'Caydiid Garaad'; Arabic: محمد فرح حسن عيديد; 15 December 1934 – 1 August 1996) was a Somali general and...
Hassan Adan Wadadid was a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the Somali Republic ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Pakistan during the 60s. He was one...
known for his leadership within Western Somali Liberation Front, Afraad and later the SomaliNationalMovement. Mohamed belonged to the Habar Yoonis sub-division...
The Somali Rebellion was the beginning of the civil war in Somalia that occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. The rebellion started in 1978 when President...
The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (Somali: Dagaalkii Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed, Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ሶማሊያ ጦርነት, romanized: ye’ītiyop’iya somalīya...
The Western Somali Liberation Front (Somali: Jabhadda Xoreynta Somali Galbeed; abbreviated WSLF) was an Ogaden separatist group fighting in eastern Ethiopia...
Commerce of the Somali Republic, and among other Cabinet positions. During the 1980s, he also served as the Chairman of the SomaliNationalMovement. Standing...
and supported Somali insurgents against Kenya. In 1946 the Somali Youth League selected Harar as the future capital of Greater Somalia and subsequently...
of Science, Arts, and Literature in The Somali Republic. When he joined the opposition SomaliNationalMovement (to liberate the former British Somaliland...
18 May 1991 by Somali sultans from the Isaaq, Dhulbahante, Issa, Gadabursi, Warsangali clans, as well as the SomaliNationalMovement. On 26 June 1960...
dominant to the Somali sense of national identity. Many of the Somali social norms come from their religion. For example, most Somali women wear a hijab...
Somali Republic until 1969, and the Somali Democratic Republic until 1991, which both united Somaliland with Somalia. The larger prisons of Somalia at...
Parliament of Somalia (Somali: Golaha Shacabka Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: البرلمان الاتحادي في الصومال) is the national parliament...
Somaliland portal Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar (Somali: Sheekh Ibraahim Sheekh Yuusuf Sheekh Madar) (died on 23 July 2004) served as the elected...