The land of Sin (Hebrew: סִין) or Sinim (from: Hebrew: סִינִים, i.e. the inhabitants of the land of Sin, or the people of Sin) is a biblical hapax legomenon that appears in Isaiah 49:12: "Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim."[1]
Some English versions simply transliterate the word, others translate the Hebrew as Syene (Aswan), and still others associate Sin with China. Sinim resembles Sinae, the Latinization of Qin, after the Qin state, founded in 778 BC, and the Qin dynasty, founded in 221 BC by Qin Shi Huang-Di.[2]
Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible (1879) defines the word as "a people in the far east; the Chinese?" The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915) says, "The land is clearly far off, and it must be sought either in the South or in the East. The Septuagint points to an eastern country. Many scholars have favored identification with China, the classical Sinae. It seems improbable that Jews had already found their way to China; but from very early times trade relations were established with the Far East by way of Arabia and the Persian Gulf; and the name may have been used by the prophet simply as suggesting extreme remoteness....While no certain decision is possible, probability points to the East, and China cannot be quite ruled out."[3] Modern translations of the Bible tend to translate Sinim as Syene (ancient Aswan) because the Great Isaiah Scroll of the Dead Sea Scrolls uses that word.[4]
In modern Hebrew, Sin (Hebrew: סין) is the word for China, just as modern Hebrew uses other ambiguous biblical place names for contemporary countries, such as Sfarad (Hebrew: ספרד) for Spain and Tzarfat (Hebrew: צרפת) for France.
Bible Version
Translation
American Standard Version
Amplified Bible
Amplified Bible, Classic Edition
Christian Standard Bible
Common English Bible
Contemporary English Version
Douay-Rheims 1899
English Standard Version
Geneva Bible 1599
Good News Translation
International Standard Version
King James Version
Living Bible
The Message
New American Standard Bible
New Century Version
New International Version
New King James Version
New Living Translation
Revised Standard Version
Sinim
Aswan (southern Egypt)
Sinim (China)
Sinim [perhaps modern Aswan]
Southland
city of Syene
South country
land of Syene
Sinim [meaning South country]
Aswan in the south
China
Sinim
south
all the way down the Nile
Sinim
Aswan in Southern Egypt
region of Aswan
Sinim
as far south as Egypt
land of Syene
^"Wikisource: Book of Isaiah: 49:12" (in Hebrew).
^PBS Nova
^International Standard Bible (1915).
^Beegle, Dewey M. (October 1951). "Proper Names in the New Isaiah Scroll". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 153 (123): 28. JSTOR 1355787.
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