Global InformationSinai insurgency information
| Sinai insurgency | |||||||
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| Part of Terrorism in Egypt, the Egyptian Crisis, the War on terror, and the Arab Winter | |||||||
 Map of the Sinai Peninsula. (For a more detailed map of the current military situation in Sinai, see here.) | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
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Supported by:
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Former
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 Shadi el-Manaei Selim Suleiman Al-Haram †[26][27] | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
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| Strength | |||||||
| Total: 25,000 (41 battalions)[28] |
Total: ≈12,000[29] ISIL: 1000-1500 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
 3,277 killed (2013-2022) 12,280 Injured (2013-2022)[30]  IDF: 1 killed[31] |
4,059-5,189+ killed [32][33][34] | ||||||
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Civilian fatalities: 1,539+ Egyptian,[35][36] 219 Russians, 4 Ukrainians, 1 Belarusian,[37] 3 South Koreans,[38] 3 Vietnamese, 2 Germans,[39] 1 Croatian[40] Total: 5,853–7,353+ killed | |||||||
Islamists:
| Part of a series on the Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014) |
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The Sinai insurgency was an insurgency in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, that was commenced by Islamist militants against Egyptian security forces, which have also included attacks on civilians.[41] The insurgency began during the Egyptian Crisis, during which the longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian revolution.[42]
The Sinai insurgency initially consisted of militants, largely composed of local Bedouin tribesmen, who exploited the chaotic situation in Egypt and weakened central authority to launch a series of attacks on government forces in Sinai, later on, militants of other nationalities also joined extremist groups in Sinai like: Palestinians, Syrians, Iraqis and Libyans. In 2014, elements of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) and proclaimed themselves Sinai Province, and a part of ISIL. Security officials say militants based in Libya have established ties with the Sinai Province group[43] and have blamed the porous border and ongoing civil war for the increase in sophisticated weapons available to the Islamist groups.[44]
Egyptian authorities have attempted to restore their presence in the Sinai through both political and military measures.[45] Egypt launched two military operations, known as Operation Eagle in mid-2011 and then Operation Sinai in mid-2012. In May 2013, following an abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in the Sinai surged once again. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, which resulted in the ousting of Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" have occurred.[46]
The fallout suffered by the locals as a result of the insurgency in Sinai ranges from militant operations and the state of insecurity to extensive military operations and the demolishing of hundreds of homes and evacuating thousands of residents as Egyptian troops pressed on to build a buffer zone meant to halt the smuggling of weapons and militants from and to the Gaza strip. A report, compiled by a delegation from the state-funded National Council for Human Rights (NCHR), stated that most of the displaced families share the same grievances of palpable government negligence, unavailability of nearby schools for their sons and the lack of health services.[47] Since the start of the conflict, dozens of civilians were killed either in military operations or kidnapped and then beheaded by militants. In November 2017, more than 300 Sufist worshippers were killed and over 100 injured in a terrorist attack on a mosque west of the city of Al-Arish.[41]
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David (3 February 2018). "Secret Alliance: Israel Carries Out Airstrikes in Egypt, With Cairo's O.K." The New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
For more than two years, unmarked Israeli drones, helicopters and jets have carried out a covert air campaign, conducting more than 100 airstrikes inside Egypt, frequently more than once a week — and all with the approval of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi...Mr. Sisi's spokesman, Col. Ahmed Ali, denied it.
- ^ Adam Entous (11 June 2018). "Donald Trump's New World Order". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
Recently, cooperation among Israel and the Gulf states has expanded into the Sinai Peninsula, where M.B.Z. has deployed Emirati forces to train and assist Egyptian troops who have been fighting militants with help from Israeli military aircraft and intelligence agencies. U.A.E. forces have, on occasion, conducted counterterrorism missions in Sinai.
- ^ "The Most POWERFUL Militaries". YouTube.
- ^ "Perpetrators of second Rafah massacre arrested". Daily News Egypt. 1 September 2013. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
- ^ "Egypt sentences 14 to death for 2011 Sinai attacks". The Times of Israel. 24 September 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
- ^ "Jihadists attack international peacekeeper base in Egypt's Sinai". FDD's Long War Journal. 15 September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ "Deadly attacks in Sinai highlight the region's growing instability". American Enterprise Institute. 23 July 2013. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Ansar al Sharia Egypt in the Sinai". FDD's Long War Journal. 6 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- ^ "Hassm expands armed operations from Sinai into Nile Delta". Mada Masr. 27 March 2017. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
- ^ "Egypt's Sinai desert: A haven for malcontents". The Economist. 13 July 2013. Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
- ^ "Jund al Islam claims credit for Sinai suicide car bomb attacks". FDD's Long War Journal. 12 September 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
- ^ "(Allied) Popular Resistance Movement". Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Egypt army arrests head of Sinai radical militant group, dozens others". Ahram Online. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
- ^ "Jaysh al-Islam". Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Al Furqan Brigades". Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ "Ajnad Misr". Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ "'State of Sinai' claim attacks as part of 'IslamiYouth Uprising'". Daily News Egypt. 29 November 2014. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
- ^ Bill Roggio, Mujahideen Shura Council denies involvement in Sinai assault, FDD's Long War Journal (Foundation for Defense of Democracies) 6 August 2012 Archived 15 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Dyer, Emily; Kessler, Oren (2014). Terror in the Sinai (PDF). London: Henry Jackson Society. ISBN 978-1-909035-14-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
- ^ "The cost of terrorism". 9 February 2023.
- ^ "El Sisi says plans afoot to celebrate defeat of extremists in Sinai Peninsula". 2 April 2023.
- ^ "Al-Jihadeya Al-Salafeya leader Al-Zawahiri captured". Daily News Egypt. 17 August 2013. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ^ "2 militants killed in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
- ^ a b "Egypt army kills 15 militants in Sinai". Xinhua. 9 October 2014. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ "Islamic State's Egypt affiliate urges attacks on judges - recording". Reuters UK. 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^ "Egypt army says it killed Sinai-based leading militant - statement". Aswat Mariya. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Egypt says top militant killed". Arab News. 2 August 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ "Sisi: Egyptians chose 'the difficult path'". 10 January 2017. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ^ "Sinai, Egypt's unsolved problem". Ahram Online. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ "Egypt has lost more than 3,000 in fight against militants since 2013, says El Sisi". The national News. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ "IDF Soldier Killed, Another Wounded in Border Attack". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Egypt's long, bloody fight against the Islamic State in Sinai is going nowhere". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ Walsh, Declan; Kirkpatrick, David D. (25 November 2017). "In Egypt, Furious Retaliation but Failing Strategy in Sinai". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Many Egyptian troops killed or wounded in North Sinai". Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "The Heavy Civilian Toll in Sinai". Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Death toll in Egypt mosque attack rises to more than 300". 25 November 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Russian plane crash in Egypt: It's too early to determine cause, officials say". 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "South Korean church mourns after Egypt bombing". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Three Vietnamese tourists, guide killed by Egypt roadside bomb". The Straits Times. 29 December 2018. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Croatian hostage 'killed by IS in Egypt'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ a b Farid, Farid (25 November 2017). "Egypt launches air strikes after deadly mosque attack". The Age. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ Awad, Marwa. "Egypt army operation nets militants in Sinai-sources". AF. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ The Age, 16 February 2015: "Egypt strikes back at Islamic State militants after beheading video, killing dozens" Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mazel, Zvi (21 February 2017). "ISIS in Sinai: the Libyan connection". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
CSSwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Clashes in Sinai over Morsi removal". Ahram Online. 5 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
- ^ "Sinai population still striving for basic rights as unrest continues: Report". Ahram Online. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.