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President of Somalia from 1969 to 1991
Jaalle Major General
Mohammed Siad Barre Ω ΨΩ Ψ― Ψ²ΩΨ§Ψ― Ψ¨Ψ±Ω πππππππ πππππ πππππ
1st Chairman of the Somali Revolutionary Council
In office 21 October 1969 β 1 July 1976
Preceded by
Office Established
Succeeded by
Office Abolished
3rd President of Somalia
In office 21 October 1969 β 26 January 1991
Preceded by
Abdirashid Shermarke
Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein (acting)
Succeeded by
Ali Mahdi Muhammad
1st General Secretary of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
In office 26 June 1976 β 26 January 1991
Preceded by
Office Established
Succeeded by
Office Abolished
12th Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity
In office 12 June 1974 β 28 July 1975
Preceded by
Yakubu Gowon
Succeeded by
Idi Amin
1st Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Somali Armed Forces
In office 21 October 1969 β 26 January 1991
Preceded by
Office Established
Succeeded by
Office Abolished
2nd Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army
In office 20 April 1965 β 25 November 1969
Preceded by
Daud Abdulle Hirsi
Succeeded by
Mohammad Ali Samatar
1st Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Somali National Army
In office 12 April 1960 β 20 April 1965
Preceded by
Office Established
Succeeded by
Mohamed Ainanshe Guled
Personal details
Born
Mohammed Siad Barre
c. (1909-10-06)6 October 1909 Shilavo, Ogaden[1]
Died
2 January 1995(1995-01-02) (aged 85) Lagos, Nigeria
Resting place
Garbaharey, Gedo, Somalia
Nationality
Somali
Political party
Supreme Revolutionary Council [1969-1976]
Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party [1976-1991]
Somali National Front [1991-1992]
Spouses
Khadija Maalim
Dalayad Hajji Hashi
Fadumo Aw Muse
Falhado Gure
Mariam Hassan
Relations
Abdirahman Jama Barre (cousin)
Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan (son-in-law)
Children
Maslah Mohammed Siad Barre
+28 others
Parents
Siad Barre Abdulle Yussuf (father)
Shaqlan Warfa (mother)
Alma mater
Military Academy of Modena
Military service
Allegiance
Kingdom of Italy (1935β1945)
United Kingdom (1945β1950)
Italy (1950β1960)
Somali Republic (1960β1969)
Somali Democratic Republic (1969β1991)
Somali National Front (1991β1992)
Branch/service
Royal Italian Army
King's African Rifles
Somali Police Force
Somali National Army
Somali National Front
Years of service
1935β1992
Rank
Major general
Commands
Head of the Crime Investigation Department of the British Colonial Police in Somalia and Kenya (1945-1950)
Commander of the Banadir Regional Police (1955-1960)
Mohammed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: πππππππ πππππ πππππ, Arabic: Ω ΨΩ Ψ― Ψ²ΩΨ§Ψ― Ψ¨Ψ±ΩMuhammad Siad Bariy; c. 6 October 1909 β 2 January 1995) was a Somali major general, politician and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.
Barre's early rule was characterised by attempts at widespread modernization, nationalization of banks and industry, promotion of cooperative farms, a new writing system for the Somali language, and anti-tribalism. The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party became Somalia's vanguard party in 1976, and Barre started the Ogaden War against the Derg in Ethopia on a platform of Somali nationalism and pan-Somalism. Barre's popularity was highest during the seven months between September 1977 and March 1978 when Barre captured virtually the entirety of the Somali region.[2] It declined from the late-1970s following Somalia's defeat in the Ogaden War, triggering the Somali Rebellion and severing ties with the Soviet Union. Somalia then allied itself with the Western powers and especially the United States for the remainder of the Cold War, although it maintained its MarxistβLeninist regime and also drew close to China.
Opposition grew in the 1980s due to his increasingly dictatorial rule, growth of tribal politics, abuses of the National Security Service including the Isaaq genocide, and the sharp decline of Somalia's economy. In 1991, Barreβs government collapsed as the Somali Rebellion successfully ejected him from power, leading to the Somali Civil War and a massive power vacuum in its wake. Barre was forced into exile in Nigeria, where he died in 1995 on the way to the hospital after suffering a heart attack.[3][4][5]
^Kingsley, Charles (22 May 2012). A Vet in Somalia. Xlibris Corporation. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-4771-0284-8.
^Yihun, Belete Belachew (2014). "Ethiopian foreign policy and the Ogaden War: the shift from "containment" to "destabilization," 1977β1991". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 8 (4): 677β691. doi:10.1080/17531055.2014.947469. S2CID 145481251.
^Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). "Siad Barre and Scientific Socialism". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Somalia: A Country Study. U.S. Government Publishing Office. ISBN 9780844407753.
^Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). "Siad Barre's Repressive Measures". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Somalia: A Country Study. U.S. Government Publishing Office. ISBN 9780844407753.
^Library of Congress. Federal Research Division (1993). "The Social Order". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Somalia: A Country Study. U.S. Government Publishing Office. ISBN 9780844407753.
Maslah Mohammed SiadBarre was a Somali National Army general and son of longtime Somali ruler Mohamed SiadBarre. He was commanding the 77th Sector in...
the 1980s and early 1990s. The rebellion started in 1978 when President SiadBarre began using his special forces, the "Red Berets" (Duub Cas), to attack...
and 1989 by the Somali Democratic Republic, under the dictatorship of SiadBarre, during the Somaliland War of Independence. The number of civilian deaths...
Morgan, is a Somali military and faction leader. He was the son-in-law of SiadBarre and Minister of Defence of Somalia. He hails from the Majeerteen Darood...
opposition groups dedicated to ousting the authoritarian regime of Mohamed SiadBarre. Took part in a 1982 Ethiopian border offensive against Somalia. The SSDF...
with other armed opposition groups, he succeeded in toppling President SiadBarre's 22 year old regime following the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in...
Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by SiadBarre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging...
including his own United Somali Congress, deposed longtime dictator SiadBarre. However, Muhammad was not able to exert his authority beyond parts of...
Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General SiadBarre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when...
in 1989, it played a leading role in the ouster of the government of SiadBarre in 1991, and became a target of the Unified Task Force campaign in 1993...
spearheaded by Major General Mohamed SiadBarre, who at the time commanded the army. For refusing to support Barre's seizure of power, numerous political...
regime of SiadBarre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress was held in June 1976. The congress elected a Central Committee, with Barre as the party...
important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen groups that opposed the SiadBarre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government...
incident had reportedly been orchestrated by President SiadBarresβ son, General Maslah Mohammed Barre. On the day following the arrests, during Friday prayers...
Abdirahman Jama Barre was also a part, Hassan has held several important positions in the Somali government, most notably as SiadBarre's last Interior...
lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Mohamed SiadBarre, seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic...
to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government. SiadBarre of the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) seized power in 1969 and established...
Ψ£ΩΨ±Ψ§Ψ ΨΨ³ΩΩ) (1920 β 1993) was Vice President of Somalia in the era of SiadBarre between 1972 and 1990. He was also a member of the Supreme Revolutionary...
needed] Samatar was a member of President SiadBarre's ruling Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC). In May 1986, Barre suffered serious injuries in a life-threatening...
Rebellion, by 1988 they began to disintegrate. By the time President SiadBarre fled Mogadishu in January 1991, the last cohesive army grouping, the 'Red...
was aggravated by the Cooperative Development in 1974 under president SiadBarre when Rahanweyn land's was seized and annexed under an eminent domain law...
Mohamed SiadBarre's government in 1991, many members of his Marehan sub-clan faced collective punishment and war crimes at the hands of anti-Barre rebel...
Democratic Republic) on 9 April 1978, against the regime of President SiadBarre. The United States Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the coup...
six days after his assassination Major Generals Mohamed Ainanshe and SiadBarre spearheaded a putsch which resulted in a bloodless coup. The Supreme Revolutionary...
Global Information
Major general