Shivaji information

Shivaji I
Shivaji I
Shakakarta; Haindava Dharmoddharak
	Portrait of Shivaji (c. 1680s), British Museum
1st Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
Reign	6 June 1674–3 April 1680
Coronation	6 June 1674 (first); 24 September 1674 (second);
Predecessor	Position established
Successor	Sambhaji
Born	19 February 1630; Shivneri Fort, Ahmadnagar Sultanate (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Died	3 April 1680 (aged 50); Raigad Fort, Mahad, Maratha Empire (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Spouse	; Sai Bhonsale (m. 1640; died 1659) ; Soyarabai (m. 1650) ; Putalabai (m. 1653) ; Sakvarbai (m. 1656) Kashibai Jadhav;
Issue	8, including Sambhaji and Rajaram I
House	Bhonsle
Father	Shahaji
Mother	Jijabai
Religion	Hinduism
Signature

Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale; Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiʋaːd͡ʒiˑ bʱoˑs(ə)leˑ]; c. 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680^[5]) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Dynasty.^[6] Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.^[7]

Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, the Sultanate of Golkonda, the Sultanate of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil administration with well-structured administrative institutions. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions and promoted the use of the Marathi and Sanskrit languages, replacing Persian at court and in administration.^[7]^[8] Praised for his chivalrous treatment of women,^[9] Shivaji employed people of all castes and religions, including Muslims^[10] and Europeans, in his administration and armed forces.^[11]

Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but nearly two centuries after his death he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many Indian nationalists elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.^[12]^[13]^[14]

^ Sardesai 1957, p. 222.
^ Satish Chandra (1982). Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis, and the Village. Macmillan. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-333-90396-4.
^ Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920, p. 260.
^ James Laine (1996). Anne Feldhaus (ed.). Images of women in Maharashtrian literature and religion. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-7914-2837-5.
^ Dates are given according to the Julian calendar, see Mohan Apte, Porag Mahajani, M. N. Vahia. Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to Gregorian Calendars.
^ Robb 2011, pp. 103–104.
^ ^a ^b Govind Ranade, Mahadev (1900). Rise of the Maratha Power. India: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). Shivaji and his times. University of California Libraries. London, New York, Longmans, Green and co. pp. 20–30, 43, 437, 158, 163.
^ Deshpande 2015.
^ Scammell, G. (1992). European Exiles, Renegades and Outlaws and the Maritime Economy of Asia c. 1500–1750. Modern Asian Studies, 26(4), 641–661. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00010003, [1]
^ Wolpert 1962, pp. 79–81.
^ Biswas, Debajyoti; Ryan, John Charles (2021). Nationalism in India: Texts and Contexts. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-00-045282-2.
^ Sengar, Bina; McMillin, Laurie Hovell (2019). Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-69155-9.

[FOOTNOTESardesai1957222-1] Sardesai 1957, p. 222.

[Chandra1982-2] Satish Chandra (1982). Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis, and the Village. Macmillan. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-333-90396-4.

[FOOTNOTESarkar,_Shivaji_and_His_Times1920260-3] Sarkar, Shivaji and His Times 1920, p. 260.

[4] James Laine (1996). Anne Feldhaus (ed.). Images of women in Maharashtrian literature and religion. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-7914-2837-5.

[5] Dates are given according to the Julian calendar, see Mohan Apte, Porag Mahajani, M. N. Vahia. Possible errors in historical dates: Error in correction from Julian to Gregorian Calendars.

[FOOTNOTERobb2011103–104-6] Robb 2011, pp. 103–104.

[:1-7] Govind Ranade, Mahadev (1900). Rise of the Maratha Power. India: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

[:4-8] Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:12-9] Sarkar, Jadunath (1920). Shivaji and his times. University of California Libraries. London, New York, Longmans, Green and co. pp. 20–30, 43, 437, 158, 163.

[FOOTNOTEDeshpande2015-10] Deshpande 2015.

[11] Scammell, G. (1992). European Exiles, Renegades and Outlaws and the Maritime Economy of Asia c. 1500–1750. Modern Asian Studies, 26(4), 641–661. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00010003, [1]

[FOOTNOTEWolpert196279–81-12] Wolpert 1962, pp. 79–81.

[13] Biswas, Debajyoti; Ryan, John Charles (2021). Nationalism in India: Texts and Contexts. Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-00-045282-2.

[14] Sengar, Bina; McMillin, Laurie Hovell (2019). Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-69155-9.

Shivaji information

and 22 Related for: Shivaji information

Shivaji

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Shivaji Satam

Shivaji Surathkal

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport

Shivaji Surathkal 2

Shivaji II

Rajinikanth

Shivaji of Thanjavur

Maratha Empire

Shivajirao Adhalarao Patil

Lonavala

Shivaji VII

Shiv Jayanti

Me Shivaji Park

Shivaji Park

Shivaji Guruvayoor

Shivaji V

Shivaji VI

Shivaji University

Shivaji II of Kolhapur

Shivaji Stadium metro station

Shivaji I
Shakakarta^[1] Haindava Dharmoddharak^[2]
Portrait of Shivaji (c. 1680s), British Museum
1st Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
Reign	6 June 1674–3 April 1680
Coronation	6 June 1674 (first) 24 September 1674 (second)
Predecessor	Position established
Successor	Sambhaji

Born	19 February 1630 Shivneri Fort, Ahmadnagar Sultanate (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Died	3 April 1680 (aged 50) Raigad Fort, Mahad, Maratha Empire (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Spouse	Sai Bhonsale (m. 1640; died 1659) Soyarabai (m. 1650) Putalabai (m. 1653) Sakvarbai (m. 1656) Kashibai Jadhav^[3]
Issue	8,^[4] including Sambhaji and Rajaram I
House	Bhonsle
Father	Shahaji
Mother	Jijabai
Religion	Hinduism
Signature