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Russification of Finland information


Edvard Isto's painting The Attack (1899) symbolizes the beginning of Finland's Russification. The two-headed eagle of Russia is tearing away the law book from the Finnish Maiden's arms.

The policy of Russification of Finland (Finnish: sortokaudet / sortovuodet, lit. 'times/years of oppression'; Russian: Русификация Финляндии, romanized: Rusifikatsiya Finlyandii) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at limiting the special status of the Grand Duchy of Finland and possibly the termination of its political autonomy and cultural uniqueness in 1899–1905 and in 1908–1917, fully integrating Finland to the Russian Empire. It was a part of a larger policy of Russification pursued by late 19th–early 20th century Russian governments which tried to abolish cultural and administrative autonomy of non-Russian minorities within the empire.

The two Russification campaigns evoked widespread Finnish resistance, starting with petitions and escalating to strikes, passive resistance (including draft resistance) and eventually active resistance. Finnish opposition to Russification was one of the main factors that ultimately led to Finland's declaration of independence in 1917.

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Russification of Finland

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The policy of Russification of Finland (Finnish: sortokaudet / sortovuodet, lit. 'times/years of oppression'; Russian: Русификация Финляндии, romanized: Rusifikatsiya...

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Grand Duchy of Finland

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adopted Russification policies in 1898; the new circumstances saw the reduction of Finnish autonomy and cultural expression. Unrest in Russia and Finland during...

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Russification

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Russification (Russian: русификация, romanized: rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily...

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Nicholas II

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deeply unpopular Russification measures. These began with the February Manifesto proclaimed by Nicholas II in 1899, which restricted Finland's autonomy and...

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Flag of Finland

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official in 1861 for private vessels. In 1910, in connection with Russification of Finland, the Russian authorities decreed that a Russian flag was to be...

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Finland

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Kari. "Russification in Estonia and Finland Before 1917", Faravid, 2004, Vol. 28, pp. 181–194. The Finnish Civil War, Federal Research Division of the Library...

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Independence of Finland

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cannot become, therefore Finns we must be." The first period of Russification of Finland (Finnish: Ensimmäinen sortokausi) began in 1899 with the February...

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History of Finland

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Provinces and Finland (1981) Steven Huxley, Constitutionalist insurgency in Finland: Finnish "passive resistance" against Russification as a case of nonmilitary...

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Nikolay Bobrikov

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as the Governor-General of Finland as well as the Finnish Military District. Upon appointment, he introduced a Russification programme into the Grand...

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Russification of Ukraine

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The Russification of Ukraine (Ukrainian: зросійщення України; Russian: русификация Украины) was a system of measures, actions and legislations undertaken...

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Finnish Americans

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government started an aggressive, coordinated campaign for the Russification of Finland. Many Finns chose to escape the repression by migrating to the...

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Socialism in Finland

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and anger at Russian Authorities, due to the Russification of Finland. In August, a large amount of Finnish Workers and High school students had demanded...

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Finnish Maiden

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The Maiden of Finland (Finnish: Suomi-neito, Swedish: Finlands mö) is the national personification of Finland. She is a barefoot young woman in her mid-twenties...

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Coat of arms of Finland

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the point of resembling a dagger rather than a sword (Figure 8). During the years when the Russian emperors attempted russification of Finland (1899–1905...

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Finnish Declaration of Independence

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4 December 1917. The Finnish Senate: History of Finland Independence of Finland Politics of Finland Russification of Finland "Hallituksen esitykseen...

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Winter War

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attempts to assimilate Finland as part of a general policy to strengthen the central government and unify the Empire by Russification. Those attempts were...

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Great Russification program

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The "great Russification program" was a plan for new laws concerning the Grand Duchy of Finland made during the second period of oppression from 1912...

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Finnish Civil War

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autonomous state of the Russian Empire. In 1899, the Russian Empire initiated a policy of integration through the Russification of Finland. The strengthened...

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Edvard Isto

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October 1905) was a Finnish artist, best known for his patriotic painting The Attack which depicts the perceived Russification of Finland by the Russian Empire...

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Timeline of Finnish history

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timeline of Finnish history. To read about the background of these events, see History of Finland. Finland History of Finland History of Sweden History of Russia...

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Timeline of Russian history

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Russia Timeline of Grozny Timeline of Kaliningrad Timeline of Kazan Timeline of Krasnodar Timeline of Makhachkala Timeline of Moscow Timeline of Nizhny Novgorod...

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Finlandia

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2003, p. 109. Dahlström 2003, p. 113. See Grand Duchy of Finland and Russification of Finland for further historical context. Sibelius – The Music "Finlandia...

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List of flags of Finland

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list of flags of Finland. For more information, see flag of Finland. Finnish regions also have traditional Household pennants. Proposals for a Finnish national...

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