Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction,[1][2] these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase.[3] Pronation is a normal, desirable, and necessary component of the gait cycle.[4] Pronation is the first half of the stance phase, whereas supination starts the propulsive phase as the heel begins to lift off the ground.[5]
An illustration of pronation and supination of the foot from an anatomy textbook
^Joseph E. Muscolino (14 April 2014). Kinesiology: The Skeletal System and Muscle Function. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 315–. ISBN 978-0-323-29142-2.
^David J. Magee (25 March 2014). Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 915–. ISBN 978-1-4557-0975-5.
^Glenn Copeland; Stan Solomon; Mark Myerson (2004). The Good Foot Book: A Guide for Men, Women, Children, Athletes, Seniors--everyone. Hunter House. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-0-89793-448-0.
^Jeffrey Bytomski; Claude Moorman (2 April 2010). Oxford American Handbook of Sports Medicine. Oxford University Press. pp. 342–. ISBN 978-0-19-970717-1.
^Jonathan T. Finnoff, DO; Mark A. Harrast, MD (18 November 2011). Sports Medicine: Study Guide and Review for Boards. Demos Medical Publishing. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-1-61705-054-1.
and 28 Related for: Pronation of the foot information
pronation, underpronation (supination), and overpronation. Neutral pronation An individual who neutrally pronates initially strikes the ground on the...
randomized controlled trial of two types of in-shoe orthoses in children with flexible excess pronationofthe feet". Foot & Ankle International. 28 (6):...
would be the use of improper or worn-down footwear, which lack the necessary support to maintain thefoot in the natural/normal pronation. The Achilles...
either full pronation or supination. For thefoot, pronation will cause the sole ofthefoot to face more laterally than when standing in the anatomical...
arthritis. The American College ofFoot and Ankle Surgeons states that footwear only worsens a problem caused by genetics. Excessive pronationofthefoot causes...
time. The exact etiology of Cuboid syndrome remains unclear but many ideas have been proposed. Such ideas include excessive pronationofthefoot, overuse...
the forefoot can be abducted as outlined in step 1.[citation needed] 3. Pronationofthefoot also causes the calcaneus to jam under the talus. The calcaneum...
cause problems but may sometimes cause thefoot to rotate inwards (pronation). There are orthotic shoe insoles (foot orthotics) that help correct flat feet...
of causes. The most common is an inversion (rolling out) ankle sprain, which makes up 70-80% of cases, followed by pronationofthefoot, which is responsible...
pronationofthefoot, much research has been conducted with different types of midsoles that could possibly aid in prevention of such injuries. The varus-wedged...
approximately 85% of bunions involved pronationofthe metatarsal in the frontal plane. At the time, however, surgical procedures corrected bunions in the transverse...
length: The medial tibial plateau and the tibial plafond A leg length difference can result from a pelvic torsion. Abnormal (gravity drive) pronation will...
rounded head ofthe radius, which allows it to swivel across the ulna. Supination requires a dorsal glide ofthe distal radius and pronation a palmar glide...
Foot binding (simplified Chinese: 缠足; traditional Chinese: 纏足; pinyin: chánzú), or footbinding, was the Chinese custom of breaking and tightly binding...
a pronation/supination test ofthe upper extremity. A simpler method using this same concept is to ask the patient to demonstrate the movement of trying...
cause extension-flexion in the ankle, as well as supination-pronationofthefoot. Because of this, Florentino Ameghino predicted in 1905, and confirmed...
movement. When both of these articulations are accounted together, it allows for pronation and supination ofthe midfoot to occur. The subtalar joint is...
based on the temperature ofthe water to which thefoot is exposed. These include trench foot, tropical immersion foot, and warm water immersion foot.: 26–7 ...
feet or normal pronation, where their running motion can best absorb the force of impact. This is when your "foot strikes the ground on the outside toward...
syndesmotic ligaments. Due to this, the Maisonneuve fracture is described as a pronation-external rotation injury according to the Lauge-Hansen classification...
Foot drill is a part ofthe training regimen of organized military and paramilitary elements worldwide. "Foot drill" or "Drill" stems from time since...
to decrease the amount of force the lower leg must absorb. Orthoses and insoles help to offset biomechanical irregularities, like pronation, and help to...
commanded what later became the 28th Regiment ofFoot. Under de Lalo, it fought at Oudenarde and the capture of Lille, one ofthe strongest defences in Europe...
compensate for the absent forearm motion. It has been suggested that individuals whose forearms are fixed in greater amounts ofpronation (over 60 degrees)...
running-related injuries affect the feet as well, because runners with previous injuries showed more foot eversion and over-pronation while running than non-injured...
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