Language with several interacting codified standard versions
A pluricentric language or polycentric language is a language with several codified standard forms, often corresponding to different countries.[1][2][3][4] Many examples of such languages can be found worldwide among the most-spoken languages, including but not limited to Chinese in mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore; English in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India, and elsewhere; and French in France, Canada, and elsewhere.[5] The converse case is a monocentric language, which has only one formally standardized version. Examples include Japanese and Russian.[6]
In some cases, the different standards of a pluricentric language may be elaborated to appear as separate languages, e.g. Malaysian and Indonesian, Hindi and Urdu, while Serbo-Croatian is in an earlier stage of that process.[6]
^Stewart 1968, p. 534.
^Kloss 1967, p. 31.
^Clyne 1992, p. 1.
^Kordić 2024, p. 169.
^Clyne 1992, pp. 1–3.
^ abClyne 1992, p. 3.
and 28 Related for: Pluricentric language information
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