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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea information


Names, routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Koinē Greek: Περίπλους τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς Θαλάσσης, Períplous tē̂s Erythrâs Thalássēs), also known by its Latin name as the Periplus Maris Erythraei, is a Greco-Roman periplus written in Koine Greek that describes navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice Troglodytica along the coast of the Red Sea and others along the Horn of Africa, the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, including the modern-day Sindh region of Pakistan and southwestern regions of India.

The text has been ascribed to different dates between the first and third centuries, but a mid-first-century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is a first-hand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient Hellenic world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean.

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Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

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The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Koinē Greek: Περίπλους τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς Θαλάσσης, Períplous tē̂s Erythrâs Thalássēs), also known by its Latin name as the...

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Erythraean Sea

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the name frequently extended beyond the Gulf of Aden—as in the famous 1st-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea—to include the present-day Red Sea,...

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Periplus

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around 110 BCE. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea or Red Sea was written by a Greek of the Hellenistic/Romanized Alexandrian in the first century CE. It...

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Arabian Sea

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it Oman sea. In the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, as well as in some ancient maps, Erythraean Sea refers to the whole area of the northwestern Indian...

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Abiria

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Abiria was the country of the Abhira Kshatriyas. It is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and by Ptolemy in his Geographia. The Periplus mentions...

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Nelcynda

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Pliny's classical work The Natural History as well as in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. It was believed to be the capital of the Ay kingdom. Nakkada near...

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Kingdom of Aksum

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over Adulis enabled the exchange of Ethiopian products for foreign imports. Both Pliny the Elder and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea make reference to...

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Rhapta

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candidate sites. The ancient Periplus of the Erythraean Sea described Rhapta as "the last emporion of Azania", two days' travel south of the Menouthias islands...

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Socotra

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"the island of the Dioscuri" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a first-century CE Greek navigation aid. The Hoq Cave contains a large number of inscriptions...

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Unguja

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romanized: Menuthias – as mentioned in The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea) is the largest and most populated island of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania...

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Azania

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until the present.: 32  Menouthias Rhapta Zanj Coast Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 15 Collins & Pisarevsky (2004). "Amalgamating eastern Gondwana: The evolution...

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Charibael

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in and contemporary with the 1st-century AD Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The two Greek manuscripts of the Periplus give the names Greek: Χαριβαήλ, Kharibaḗl...

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Minnagara

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in the 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "Beyond this region (Gedrosia), the continent making a wide curve from the east across the depths...

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Western Satraps

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— Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Chap. 41 Under the Western Satraps, Barigaza was one of the main centers of Roman trade with India. The Periplus describes...

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Barbarikon

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for the Sindh from which the Sanskrit word for barbarian, Mleccha derives. Barbarikon is mentioned briefly in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "This...

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Muziris

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travel book Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (1st century AD) gives an elaborate description of the Chera Kingdom. ...then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets...

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Tyndis

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mentioned in the Graeco-Roman writings. According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Tyndis was located north of port Muziris in the country of the Cerobothra...

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Avalites

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became the city of Zeila. According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Avalites was located on the Far-Side market south of Adulis, stood near the entrance...

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History of Puducherry

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Independence, have written histories that predate the colonial era. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, of the 1st century, mentions a marketplace named Poduke...

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Red Sea

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on the Red Sea. Agatharchides collected information about the sea in the 2nd century BC. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea ("Periplus of the Red Sea")...

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Kannur

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the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as a port somewhere north of Muziris is identified with Kannur. Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port...

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History of Kerala

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of emperor Ashoka of the Magadha Empire in the 3rd century BCE, as Cerobothra by the Greek Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and as Celebothras in the Roman...

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Himyarite Kingdom

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friend of the Emperors." — Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Paragraph 23. During this period, the Kingdom of Ḥimyar conquered the kingdoms of Saba' and...

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Indian Ocean trade

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river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia" — The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (53–54) The Periplus Maris Erythraei...

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Abyssinia

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with the neighboring Barbaroi (Berbers) of Barbara, the Habash are recorded in the first century Greek travelogue the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as...

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