Conquest of northern Ethiopian Empire region (now Eritrea) by Ottomans beginning 1557
For other wars between the Ethiopian and Ottoman Empires, see Ottoman–Ethiopian War.
Ottoman conquest of Habesh
Part of the Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire in 1609 with the Eyalet highlighted
Date
1554/1557–1589
Location
Eritrea
Result
Establishment of Habesh Eyalet[1]
Ethiopia loses access to the sea[2]
Peace treaty signed
Territorial changes
Annexation of the Eritrean coastline excluding Beilul[3]
Belligerents
Ethiopian Empire
Ottoman Empire Medri Bahri Adal Sultanate
Commanders and leaders
Gelawdewos Menas Sarsa Dengel Yeshaq (1557–1561)
Özdemir Pasha Ahmad Pasha † Kedwart Pasha Yeshaq † Ga'ewa
The Ottoman Empire conquered the Habesh (mostly covering the coastline of present-day Eritrea) starting in 1557, when Özdemir Pasha took the port city of Massawa and the adjacent city of Arqiqo, even taking Debarwa, then capital of the local ruler Bahr negus Yeshaq (ruler of Midri Bahri). They administered this area as the province of Habesh. Yeshaq sought the assistance of emperor Gelawdewos, reinforced by a large Abyssinian army, he recaptured Debarwa, taking all the gold the invaders had piled within. In 1560 Yeshaq, disillusioned with the new Emperor of Ethiopia, revolted with Ottoman support but pledged his support again with the crowning of Emperor Sarsa Dengel. However, not long after, Yeshaq revolted once again with Ottoman support but was defeated once and for all, leaving the Ottomans with domain over Massawa, Arqiqo, and some of the nearby coastal environs, which were soon transferred to the control of Beja Na'ibs (deputies).
^Orhonlu, C. (1965). Osmanlıların Habeşistan Siyaseti 1554-1560. Tarih Dergisi, 15(20), 39-54.
^Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. The Red Sea Press. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-932415-19-6.
^Pankhurst, Richard (1997). The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. The Red Sea Press. p. 390. ISBN 978-0-932415-19-6.
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Ethiopian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Adal Sultanate