This article is about the historical conflict between Oromo people and the Ethiopian government. For the insurgency of the Oromo Liberation Army, see OLA insurgency.
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met.(January 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January 2024)
(Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Oromo conflict
Part of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa and Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
The Oromia Region in Ethiopia
Date
1973–present (51 years)
Location
Oromia, Ethiopia
Status
Ongoing
Start of peace talks between government of Ethiopia and the OLA on 25 April 2023[4][5] Conflict resumes after peace talks failed in May 2023.
Belligerents
Ethiopia
Former combatants:
Ethiopian Empire (until 1975)
Derg (1975−87)
PDRE (1987−91)
TGE (1991−95)
OLF (until 2018) OLA (initially part of OLF, independent from 2018) IFLO (1985−87) EUPF (1993–2012)[1] Supported by:[a] Eritrea (1998–2018)[2] Egypt (alleged)[3]
Commanders and leaders
Abiy Ahmed Sahle-Work Zewde Abraham Belay Haile Selassie I (until 1975) Mengistu Hailemariam (1975−1991) Negasso Gidada (1995−2001) Girma Wolde-Giorgis (2001−2013) Mulatu Teshome (2013−2018) Meles Zenawi (1991−2012) Hailemariam Desalegn (2012−2018)
Dawud Ibsa Ayana Elemo Qiltu † Ahmad Taqi † Tadesse Birru † Waqo Gutu Jaarraa
Units involved
Imperial Ethiopian Army (until 1975) Socialist Ethiopian Liberation Army (1975−1991) ENDF (from 1991)
^Alleged by the government of Ethiopia.[citation needed]
v
t
e
Post-1960 conflicts in the Horn of Africa
Eritrean War of Independence
Eritrean civil wars
1961 revolt in Somalia
Bale revolt
Somali–Kenyan conflict
Shifta
Rhamu
Ethiopian–Somali conflict
1963 Ogaden Rebellion
1964
Ogaden
1982
2022 Al-Shabaab
Oromo conflict
Ethiopian Civil War
Somali Civil War
Rebellion
Puntland–Somaliland
2006–09
2009–present
Somaliland War of Independence
Djiboutian Civil War
Insurgency in Ogaden
2007–08
Second Afar insurgency
Gedeo–Guji clashes
Hanish Islands conflict
Eritrean–Ethiopian War
border conflict
OEF – Horn of Africa
Djiboutian–Eritrean conflict
Ethiopian civil conflict
Afar–Somali
Oromia–Somali
OLA insurgency
Benishangul-Gumuz
Tigray War
War in Amhara
Al-Fashaga conflict
v
t
e
Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000):
Eritrean attack of Ethiopia
Sunset [be]
February 1999
May-June 2000 [be]
Aider
Post-2000 conflicts:
Afar
Ogaden
2010 border skirmish
Tsorona
Agreements:
Algiers
Asmera
Aspects:
Air campaign [ru]
Military specialists
Russian
Ukrainian
UNMEE
The Oromo conflict is a protracted conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the Ethiopian government.[13][14] The Oromo Liberation Front formed to fight the Ethiopian Empire to liberate the Oromo people and establish an independent state of Oromia. The conflict began in 1973, when Oromo nationalists established the OLF and its armed wing, the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA).[15] These groups formed in response to prejudice against the Oromo people during the Haile Selassie and Derg era, when their language was banned from public administration, courts, church and schools, and the stereotype of Oromo people as a hindrance to expanding Ethiopian national identity.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]
^WRITENET (2004), p. 8.
^Iaccino, Ludovica (26 February 2016). "Ethiopia claims Eritrea behind Oromo protests but activists warn against 'state propaganda'". International Business Times UK. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
^"Ethiopia Alleges Oromo Protesters Receiving Support From Egypt". Bloomberg. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-09-12. Retrieved 2017-01-23.
^"Ethiopian PM announces start date of peace talks with rebel group". 24 April 2023.
^"Ethiopian Government Initiates Peace Talks With Oromo Rebel Group". 24 April 2023.
^"Ethiopia Military Strength". Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
^Schmid & Jongman, 2005: 538-539.
^Gérard Prunier. "Armed Movements in Sudan, Chad, CAR, Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia" Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. ZIF Analysis. Addis Ababa, febrero de 2008, pp. 13-14.
^ abØstebø, 2011: 289
^Koonings, 2002: 259; Marcus, 2002: 235
^"Country report and updates Ethiopia". Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine War Resisters' International. Entre 1974 y 1990 murieron 300 000 soldados etíopes y 230 000 entre enero y mayo de 1991.
^"UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia: Ethiopia". Uppsala Conflict Data Program. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
^The Oromo Conflict in Ethiopia and the formation of the OLF, n.d., archived from the original on 2021-08-12, retrieved 2021-04-01
^Triulzi, Alessandro (1996). Being and Becoming Oromo. Sweden: Gotab. ISBN 91-7106-379-X.
^Davey, Melissa (13 February 2016), "Oromo children's books keep once-banned Ethiopian language alive", The Guardian, archived from the original on February 14, 2016, retrieved February 14, 2016
^Language & Culture(PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-17, retrieved 2021-02-22
^ETHIOPIANS: AMHARA AND OROMO, January 2017, archived from the original on 2021-04-19, retrieved 2021-02-22
^OROMO CONTINUE TO FLEE VIOLENCE, September 1981, archived from the original on 2021-04-12, retrieved 2021-02-22
^Country Information Report ethiopia, August 12, 2020, archived from the original on April 12, 2021, retrieved August 12, 2021
^Ethiopia. Status of Amharas, March 1, 1993, archived from the original on January 25, 2021, retrieved February 22, 2021
^Bulcha, Mekuria (July 1970), "The Politics of Linguistic Homogenization in Ethiopia and the Conflict over the Status of "Afaan Oromoo"", African Affairs, 96 (384): 325–352, doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007852, JSTOR 723182, archived from the original on 2021-04-12, retrieved 2021-02-22
The Oromoconflict is a protracted conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the Ethiopian government. The Oromo Liberation Front formed to...
The Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; Oromo: Waraana Bilisummaa Oromoo, WBO) is an armed opposition group active in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The OLA consist...
The OLA insurgency is an armed conflict between the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), which split from the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in 2018, and the Ethiopian...
ongoing armed conflicts that are taking place around the world. This list of ongoing armed conflicts identifies present-day conflicts and the death toll...
The Oromo Liberation Front (Oromo: Adda Bilisummaa Oromoo, abbreviated: ABO; English abbreviation: OLF) is an Oromo nationalist political party formed...
The Oromo people (pron. /ˈɒrəmoʊ/ ORR-əm-oh Oromo: Oromoo) are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya...
1970–present Western Sahara conflict 1975–1991 Western Sahara War 1972–1974 First Eritrean Civil War 1973–2018 Oromoconflict 1974–1991 Ethiopian Civil...
Oromo nationalism is an ethnic nationalism advocating the self-interest of Oromo people in Ethiopia and Kenya. Many Oromo elites, intellectuals and political...
The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic...
Oromo (/ˈɒrəmoʊ/ or /ɔːˈroʊmoʊ/; Oromo: Afaan Oromoo), historically also called Galla (a name regarded as pejorative by the Oromo), is an Afroasiatic...
Kumsa Diriba (Oromo: Kumsaa Dirribaa; Amharic: ኩምሳ ድሪባ; born 1969.), also known by his nom de guerre Jaal Marroo, is an Ethiopian paramilitary leader...
The Mali War is an ongoing conflict that started in January 2012 between the northern and southern parts of Mali in Africa. On 16 January 2012, several...
manufactured locally as Al Quds Serbia Oromo Liberation Front Taliban Noir, War (6 January 2021). "#Oromia / #Ethiopia: Oromo Liberation Army (#OLA) fighters...
War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan...
The following is a list of armed conflicts with victims in 2020. Listed are the armed conflicts having done globally at least 100 victims and at least...
The Oromo expansions, also known as the Oromo migrations or the Oromo invasions (in older historiography, Galla invasions), were a series of expansions...
the Somali government. In a bid to reduce any potential conflict between Somalis and Oromos in Bale, the government of Somalia would characterize incidents...
Bozizé fought with rebels until a peace agreement in 2007. The current conflict arose when a new coalition of varied rebel groups, known as Séléka, accused...
Sahara conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic/Polisario Front and the Kingdom of Morocco. The conflict originated...
including the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) before 2022 and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), created in November 2021 during the Tigray War. In...
The following is a list of armed conflicts with victims in 2017. Listed are the armed conflicts having done globally at least 100 victims and at least...
splitting the opposition, and rebel in-fighting became a major part of the conflict. A rivalry between the President and Paul Malong Awan, former army chief...