Not to be confused with Operation Alpha or Project Alpha.
Operation Alfa
Part of World War II in Yugoslavia
View of Prozor in 2010
Date
early October 1942
Location
Prozor, Independent State of Croatia (present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Result
Partisan retreat and massacre of inhabitants by Chetnik forces
Belligerents
Italy Chetniks Independent State of Croatia
Yugoslav Partisans
Commanders and leaders
Guglielmo Spicacci Dobroslav Jevđević Petar Baćović
Vlado Šegrt
Units involved
2nd and 29th Bersaglieri Battalions of the 94th Regiment from the 18th Infantry Division Messina Trebinje, Nevesinje, and Romanija Chetnik Corps 7th and 15th Infantry Regiments of the Croatian Home Guard
3 Battalions of the 10th Herzegovinian Brigade
Strength
4,000 soldiers 3,000–5,500 soldiers
300 partisans
Casualties and losses
543–2,500 Croat and Muslim civilians
v
t
e
World War II in Yugoslavia
1941
Axis invasion
Bombing of Belgrade
Bombing of Sarajevo
Uprisings
Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sanski Most
Eastern Herzegovina
Drvar uprising
Rogatica
Olovo
Uprising in Croatia
Srb uprising
Uprising in Serbia
Bela Crkva
Loznica
Banja Koviljača
Šabac
Kruševac
Mačva
Uzice
Kraljevo
Trešnjica
Novi Pazar
Mihailovic
Sjenica
Uprising in Montenegro
Bullseye
Pljevlja
1942
Dražgoše
Southeast Croatia
Hydra
Prijedor
Nanos
Trio
Chetnik sabotage of Axis communication lines
Montenegro
Kozara
Partisan Long March
Kupres
Livno
Alfa
Kopaonik
Bihać
1943
Case White
Greenwood–Rootham
Otto
Fungus
Hoathley 1
Case Black
Typical
Zvornik
Davidson
Grčarice
Turjak Castle
Maclean
Višegrad
Bombing of Podgorica
Bombing of Zadar
Delphin
Rogers
Kugelblitz
Kočevje
1944
Maibaum
Bombing of Belgrade
Dafoe
Lindsay
Rösselsprung
Andrijevica
Halyard
Ožbalt
Ratweek
Serbia
Belgrade
Niš
Stracin–Kumanovo
Vukov Klanac
Bregalnitsa–Strumica
Kosovo
Syrmian Front
Floxo
Niš airspace incident
Batina
Knin
1945
Trnovo
Mostar
Bombing of Zagreb
Spring Awakening
Transdanubian Hills
Lika-Primorje
Nagykanizsa-Körmend
Sarajevo
Lijevče Field
Trieste
Zelengora
Poljana
Odžak
Axis occupation of Serbia
Hungarian occupation
Kosovo during World War II
World War II in the Slovene Lands
World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia
Air warfare in Yugoslavia
Allied bombing campaign
Operation Alfa (Italian: Operazione Alfa; Serbo-Croatian: Operacija Alfa, Операција Алфа) was an offensive carried out in early October 1942 by the military forces of Italy and the Axis puppet state, the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), supported by Chetnik forces under the control of vojvoda Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin. The offensive was directed against the communist-led Partisans in the Prozor region (today in Bosnia and Herzegovina), then a part of the NDH. The operation was militarily inconclusive, and in the aftermath, Chetnik forces conducted mass killings of civilians in the area.
The operation was arranged between Generale designato d'armata (acting General) Mario Roatta, commander of the Italian Second Army, and Trifunović-Birčanin, with the approval of the overall Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović. It was carried out in coordination with the Germans and included elements of the Croatian Home Guard and the NDH Air Force. Faced with heavy weaponry and seriously outnumbered, the Partisans retreated and withdrew from Prozor without significant fighting. Chetniks elements under the command of Dobroslav Jevđević and Petar Baćović then massacred between 543 and 2,500 Croats and Muslims and destroyed numerous villages in the area. Following protests from both the Italians and the Croatian authorities, the Chetnik elements were discharged or relocated. Italian and NDH forces followed up Operation Alfa with Operation Beta, which was focused on capturing Livno and surrounding localities. Baćović was killed by NDH forces near the end of the war, while Jevđević escaped to Italy and avoided prosecution by the new Yugoslav government. Mihailović was captured by the communist authorities following the war, tried and found guilty for the Chetnik actions at Prozor (among other charges), and was sentenced to death and executed.
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Global Information
Italy
Chetniks
Independent State of Croatia
Yugoslav Partisans