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Old media, or legacy media,[1] are the mass media institutions that dominated prior to the Information Age; particularly print media, film studios, music studios, advertising agencies, radio broadcasting, and television.[2][3][4]
Old media institutions are centralized and communicate with one-way technologies to a generally anonymous mass audience.[4][5] By definition, it is often contrasted with new media, which is typically computer or smartphone-based media that is interactive and comparatively decentralized, enabling people to telecommunicate with one another peer-to-peer or through social media platforms,[6] with mass use and availability through the internet.[7]
Old media companies have diminished in the last decade with the changing media landscape, namely the modern reliance on streaming and digitization of formerly analog content,[8] and the advent of simple worldwide connection and mass conversation.[7] Old media, or "legacy media" conglomerates include Disney, Warner Media, ViacomCBS, Bertelsmann Publishers, and NewsCorp., owners of Fox News and Entertainment, and span from books to audio to visual media.[9] These conglomerates are often owned and inherited between families, such as the Murdochs of NewsCorp.[10] Due to traditional media's heavy use in economics and political structures, it remains current regardless of new media's emergence.[7]
^Desjardins, Jeff (10 October 2016). "The slow death of legacy media". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
^"How Old Media Can Survive in a New World". The Wall Street Journal. 23 May 2005. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^Logan, Robert K. (2010). "The Changing Figure/Ground Relation with the 'New Media'". Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. Peter Lang. p. 8. OCLC 764542063. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ abPeterson, Mark Allen (2008) [2003]. "The Ethnography of Media Production". Anthropology & Mass Communication: Media and Myth in the New Millennium. Berghahn Books. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-57181-278-0. OCLC 823761828. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^Becker, Barbara; Wehner, Josef (2001). "Electronic Networks and Civil Society". In Ess, Charles; Sudweeks, Fay (eds.). Culture, Technology, Communication: Towards an Intercultural Global Village. SUNY Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-79145-016-1. OCLC 879232423. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^Schorr, Angela (2003). "Interactivity: The New Media Use Option—State of the Art". In Schorr, Angela; Schenk, Michael; Campbell, William (eds.). Communication Research and Media Science in Europe: Perspectives for Research and Academic Training in Europe's Changing Media Reality. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 57. OCLC 954099068. Retrieved 23 April 2017 – via Google Books.
^ abcMcQuail, Denis (1983). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). London: Sage. pp. 136–138. ISBN 978-1-84920-291-6.
^Wolff, Michael (2017). Television is the New Television: The Unexpected Triumph of Old Media in the Digital Age. Penguin. pp. 96–103. ISBN 9780143108924.
^Hanson, Ralph E (2022). Mass Communication: Living in a Media World (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. pp. 56, 67, 73. ISBN 9781544382999.
^Folkenfilk, David (2013). Murdoch's World: The Last of the old Media Empires (1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. pp. 280–282. ISBN 9781610390897.
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medium is never an addition to an old one, nor does it leave the old one in peace. It never ceases to oppress the oldermedia until it finds new shapes and...
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