United States federal environmental law (enacted 1970)
"NEPA" and "FONSI" redirect here. For other uses, see NEPA (disambiguation) and Fonsi (disambiguation).
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Long title
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Acronyms (colloquial)
NEPA
Enacted by
the 91st United States Congress
Effective
January 1, 1970
Citations
Public law
Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–190
Statutes at Large
83 Stat. 852
Codification
Titles amended
42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Welfare
U.S.C. sections created
42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1075 by Henry M. Jackson (D–WA) on February 18, 1969
Committee consideration by Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs
Passed the Senate on July 10, 1969 (Unanimous)
Passed the House of Representatives on September 23, 1969 (372-15[1])
Reported by the joint conference committee on December 17, 1969; agreed to by the Senate on December 20, 1969 and by the House of Representatives on December 23, 1969
Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on January 1, 1970
Major amendments
Public Law 94-52, July 3, 1975, Public Law 94-83, Aug 9, 1975 and Public Law 97-258, section 4(b), Sep 13, 1982
United States Supreme Court cases
United States v. SCRAP, 412 U.S. 669 (1973)
Aberdeen & Rockfish R. Co. v. SCRAP, 422 U.S. 289 (1975)
Flint Ridge Development Co. v. Scenic Rivers Assn. of Okla., 426 U.S. 776 (1976)
Kleppe v. Sierra Club, 427 U.S. 390 (1976)
Andrus v. Sierra Club, 442 U.S. 347 (1979)
Strycker's Bay Neighborhood Council, Inc. v. Karlen, 444 U.S. 223 (1980)
Weinberger v. Catholic Action of Haw./Peace Ed. Project, 454 U.S. 139 (1981)
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy, 460 U.S. 766 (1983)
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 462 U.S. 87 (1983)
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council, 490 U.S. 332 (1989)
Marsh v. Oregon Natural Resources Council, 490 U.S. 360 (1989)
Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen, 541 U.S. 752 (2004)
Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, 542 U.S. 55 (2004)
Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, 555 U.S. 7 (2008)
Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139 (2010)
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is a United States environmental law designed to promote the enhancement of the environment. It created new laws requiring U.S. federal government agencies to evaluate the environmental impacts of their actions and decisions, and it established the President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). The Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in December 1969 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on January 1, 1970.[2] To date, more than 100 nations around the world have enacted national environmental policies modeled after NEPA.[3]
NEPA requires Federal agencies to evaluate the environmental effects of their actions.[4]: 2–3 NEPA's most significant outcome was the requirement that all executive Federal agencies prepare environmental assessments (EAs) and environmental impact statements (EISs). These reports state the potential environmental effects of proposed Federal agency actions.[5] Further, U.S. Congress recognizes that each person has a responsibility to preserve and enhance the environment as trustees for succeeding generations.[6] NEPA's procedural requirements do not apply to the President, Congress, or the Federal courts since they are not a "Federal agency" by definition.[5][7] However, a Federal agency taking action under authority ordered by the President may be a final agency action subject to NEPA's procedural requirements.[4]: 117–118
^"To Pass H.R. 12549, A Bill to amend the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act so as to provide for the establishment of a Council On Environmental Quality (Sep 23, 1969)". GovTrack. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
^United States. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–190, Approved January 1, 1970. 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.
^Eccleston, Charles H. (2008). NEPA and Environmental Planning: Tools, Techniques, and Approaches for Practitioners. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849375590.
^ abMandelker, Daniel; Glickman, Robert; Aughey, Arianne; McGillivray, Donald; Doelle, Meinhard (2018). NEPA Law and Litigation. Thomson Reuters. ISBN 978-0-314-87759-8.
^ abU.S. Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) (December 2007). A Citizen's Guide to the NEPA: Having Your Voice Heard. Washington, D.C. p. 2. Retrieved 2017-06-06 – via Office of NEPA Policy and Complicance, U.S. Department of Energy. energy.gov.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^United States National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 91–190 Sec. 101(b)(1),(c), Approved January 1, 1970. 42 U.S.C. § 4331(b)(1),(c)
^CEQ. "Terminology: Federal agency." Code of Federal Regulations,40 CFR 1508.12.
and 27 Related for: National Environmental Policy Act information
The NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct (NEPA) is a United States environmental law designed to promote the enhancement of the environment. It created new...
with environmental costs. As his first official act bringing in the 1970s, President Richard Nixon signed the U.S. NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct (NEPA)...
Environmentalpolicy is the commitment of an organization or government to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental...
88-577; the National Forest Management Act, P.L. 94-588; the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct, P.L. 91–190; the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act, P.L. 95-313;...
An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the 1969 NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct (NEPA)...
federal government passed the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct (NEPA), to institute a statewide policy of environmental protection. CEQA does not directly...
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the...
and operations plan is subject to the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct and requires preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS). The BOEM is...
up a series of major agencies headed by the new EPA. The NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct of 1969 (NEPA) President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January...
timely construction is the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct, which requires large federally funded projects to pass environmental review before grants are...
The environmentalpolicy of the Donald Trump administration represented a shift from the policy priorities and goals of the preceding Barack Obama administration...
National EnvironmentalPolicyAct of 1969 (NEPA). One of the two major purposes of the Act was to authorize the creation of an Office of Environmental Quality...
The NationalEnvironmental Education Act of 1990 is an act of the United States Congress to promote environmental education. In this act, Congress found...
Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972 protected the biodiversity. It was amended later multiple times. The 1988 National Forest Policy had conservation as its...
American foreign policy analysts and officials, Anna McGinn of the think tank Environmental and Energy Study Institute praised the Act for helping the...
regulating pesticides. Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects...
2020. "A Citizen's Guide to the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Council on Environmental Quality. 2007. "Environment Agency"...
The Energy PolicyAct of 2005 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 109–58 (text) (PDF)) is a federal law signed by President George W. Bush on August...
Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the 94th United States Congress in 1976 and administered by the United States Environmental Protection...
EnvironmentalPolicy New Direction for the Twenty-First Century. Sage. pp. 106–107. "SUPREME COURT: Chief Justice Roberts invites Antiquities Act challenges"...
procedures to prevent environmental damage in the present day than they did in the 1960s. In compliance with the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct of 1969 they...
within the Executive Office of the President as part of the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct of 1969 (NEPA), during the Richard Nixon administration. The...
Biden began to make policy changes to protect the environment. He began revising and strengthening the NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct (NEPA) and ordered...