Persian Jews, Georgian Jews, Bukharan Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Soviet Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions
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Mountain Jews or Caucasus Jews, also known as Juhuro,Juvuro,Juhuri,Juwuri, Juhurim,Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדֵי־קַוְקָזYehudey Kavkaz or יְהוּדֵי־הֶהָרִים Yehudey he-Harim; Russian: Горские евреи, romanized: Gorskie Yevrei,[6] Azerbaijani: Dağ Yəhudiləri), are Jews of the eastern and northern Caucasus, mainly Azerbaijan, and various republics in the Russian Federation: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. The Mountain Jews comprise Persian-speaking Jewry along with the Jews of Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. The Mountain Jews are the descendants of Persian Jews from Iran, and fall within the Mizrachi category of Jews.[7][8] Mountain Jews took shape as a community after Qajar Iran ceded the areas in which they lived to the Russian Empire as part of the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813.[9]
The forerunners of the Mountain Jewish community have inhabited Ancient Persia since the 5th century BCE. The language spoken by Mountain Jews, called Judeo-Tat, is an ancient Southwest Iranian language which integrates many elements of Ancient Hebrew.[10]
It is believed that Mountain Jews reached Persia from Israel as early as the 8th century BCE. They continued to migrate east, settling in mountainous areas of the Caucasus. Mountain Jews survived numerous historical vicissitudes by settling in extremely remote and mountainous areas. They were known to be accomplished warriors and horseback riders.[11]
Mountain Jews are distinct from Georgian Jews of the Caucasus Mountains. The two groups are culturally differentiated: they speak different languages and have many differences in customs and culture.[12]
^"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire". www.eki.ee. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^Gancman, Lee. "A glimpse into Azerbaijan's hidden all-Jewish town". www.timesofisrael.com.
^Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51-74.
[1].
^"All-Russian population census 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
^"In Wien leben rund 220 kaukasische Juden" (in German).
^Brook, Kevin Alan (2006). The Jews of Khazaria (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 223. ISBN 978-1442203020. The traditional language of the Mountain Jews, is part of the Iranian language family and contains many Hebrew elements. In Juhuri, they call themselves Juhuri (Derbent dialect) or Juwuri (Kuba dialect), and in Russian they are known as Gorskie Yevrey.
^Brook, Kevin Alan (2006). The Jews of Khazaria (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 223. ISBN 978-1442203020. The traditional language of the Mountain Jews, Juhuri, is part of the Iranian language family and contains many Hebrew elements. (...) In reality, the Mountain Jews primarily descend from Persian Jews who came to the Caucasus during the fifth and sixth centuries.
^"Mountain Jews - Tablet Magazine – Jewish News and Politics, Jewish Arts and Culture, Jewish Life and Religion". Tablet Magazine. 26 August 2010. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
^Shapira, Dan D.Y. (2010). "Caucasus (Mountain Jews)". In Norman A. Stillman (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World. Brill Online. The Mountain Jews are an Iranian-speaking community that took shape in the eastern and northern Caucasus after the areas in which they lived were annexed by Russia from Qajar Iran in 1812 and 1813.
^"Mountain Jews: customs and daily life in the Caucasus, Leʼah Miḳdash-Shema", Liya Mikdash-Shamailov, Muzeʼon Yiśraʼel (Jerusalem), UPNE, 2002, page 17
^Goluboff, Sascha (Mar 6, 2012). Jewish Russians: Upheavals in a Moscow Synagogue. University of Pennsylvania. p. 125. ISBN 978-0812202038.
^Mountain Jews: customs and daily life in the Caucasus, Leʼah Miḳdash-Shemaʻʼilov, Liya Mikdash-Shamailov, Muzeʼon Yiśraʼel (Jerusalem), UPNE, 2002, page 9
MountainJews or Caucasus Jews, also known as Juhuro, Juvuro, Juhuri, Juwuri, Juhurim, Kavkazi Jews or Gorsky Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדֵי־קַוְקָז Yehudey Kavkaz...
Bukharan Jews comprise Persian-speaking Jewry along with the Jews of Iran, Afghanistan, and the Caucasus Mountains. Bukharan Jews are Mizrahi Jews, like...
though silver is common, especially used in crowning the yad. The MountainJews had a peculiar[opinion] way with pointers: they were held in pairs forming...
Persian Jews or Iranian Jews (Persian: یهودیان ایرانی Yahudiyān-e Irāni; Hebrew: יהודים פרסים Yəhūdīm Parsīm) constitute one of the oldest communities...
Jews, Syrian Jews, Lebanese Jews, Persian Jews, Afghan Jews, Bukharian Jews, Kurdish Jews, MountainJews, Georgian Jews. Some also include the North-African...
Mizrahi Jews (Hebrew: יהודי המִזְרָח), also known as Mizrahim (מִזְרָחִים) or Mizrachi (מִזְרָחִי) and alternatively referred to as Oriental Jews or Edot...
history of the Jews in Azerbaijan dates back many centuries. Today, Jews in Azerbaijan mainly consist of three distinct groups: MountainJews, the most sizable...
distinct from neighboring MountainJews. As a result of a major emigration wave in the 1990s, the vast majority of Georgian Jews now live in Israel, with...
MountainJews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now...
consisted of Jews. Ukrainian Jews included sub-groups with distinct characteristics, including Ashkenazi Jews, MountainJews, Bukharan Jews, Crimean Karaites...
American Jews along with an array of other Jewish communities, including more recent Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Beta Israel-Ethiopian Jews, various...
other Jewish diaspora including MountainJews, Sephardi Jews, Georgian Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks and Bukharan Jews. The presence of Jewish people...
The history of the Jews in Kazakhstan connects back to the history of Bukharan and Juhuro MountainJews. Kazakh Jews have a long history. At present,...
The Museum of MountainJews (Azerbaijani: Dağ Yəhudiləri Muzeyi) is a museum in Guba, Azerbaijan, dedicated to MountainJews. Opened in 2020, it is located...
Persian, Carthaginian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and Yemenite Jews. Jews under Islamic rule were given the status of dhimmi, along with certain...
JewMountain is a summit in Ravalli County, Montana, in the United States. With an elevation of 7,972 feet (2,430 m), JewMountain is the 961st highest...
Antiquity. Historically Jews in Azerbaijan have been represented by various subgroups, mainly MountainJews, Ashkenazi Jews and Georgian Jews. After Sovietization...
Mediterranean and Caucasus are: Iran (Persian Jews) and Iraq (Iraqi Jews); the Georgian Jews and MountainJews of the Caucasus. Through the centuries, they...
only Russian Jews, but also MountainJews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews. The largest number of Russian Jews now live in...
of MountainJews began. Representatives of the Soviet elite, mainly in Dagestan, denied the connection of the MountainJews with other Jews. Mountain Jews...
bitterly, heroically struggled for our freedom The Song of the MountainJews The Jews of Daghestan lived isolated and in one of the most remote, impenetrable...
Aramaic dialects. Caucasus Jews of two sub-ethnic groups MountainJews and Georgian Jews. There are about 15,000–30,000 Caucasus Jews (as 140,000 immigrated...
identity Jewish studies Jews with Haplogroup G Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry Medical genetics of Jews Who is a Jew? This haplogroup was called...
was a camp for the troops of the Russian Emperor Peter I. MountainJews and Ashkenazi Jews were allowed to settle there. During the era of the Khazars...