Polish Franciscan friar, martyr, and saint (1894–1941)
Saint
Maximilian Maria Kolbe
OFMConv
Kolbe in 1936
Martyr
Born
Raymund Kolbe (1894-01-08)8 January 1894 Zduńska Wola, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Died
14 August 1941(1941-08-14) (aged 47) Auschwitz-Birkenau, Gau Upper Silesia, Nazi Germany
Venerated in
Catholic Church
Anglican Communion
Lutheran Church
Beatified
17 October 1971, Vatican City by Pope Paul VI
Canonized
10 October 1982, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II
Major shrine
Basilica of the Omni-mediatress of All Glories
Feast
14 August
Attributes
Franciscan habit
the Rycerz Niepokalanej
Nazi concentration prison uniform
Nazi concentration camp badge
crucifix
rosary
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Maximilian Maria KolbeOFMConv (born Raymund Kolbe; Polish: Maksymilian Maria Kolbe;[a] 1894–1941) was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a man named Franciszek Gajowniczek in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II. He had been active in promoting the veneration of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, founding and supervising the monastery of Niepokalanów near Warsaw, operating an amateur-radio station (SP3RN), and founding or running several other organizations and publications.
On 10 October 1982, Pope John Paul II canonized Kolbe and declared him a martyr of charity.[1] The Catholic Church venerates him as the patron saint of amateur radio operators, drug addicts, political prisoners, families, journalists, and prisoners.[2][3] John Paul II declared him "the patron of our difficult century".[4][5] His feast day is 14 August, the day of his martyrdom.
Due to Kolbe's efforts to promote consecration and entrustment to Mary, he is known as the Apostle of Consecration to Mary.[6]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Kijas, Zdzisław Józef (2020). "THE PROCESS OF BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF MAXIMILIAN MARIA KOLBE" (PDF). Studia Elbląskie. XXI: 199–213.
^"'I would like to take his place' – DW – 08/14/2016". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference Patron was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Biniaz, Benjamin. "Religious Resistance in Auschwitz: The Sacrifice of Saint Kolbe". USC Shoah Foundation. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference Holy Mass at the Brzezinka Concentration Camp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ArmstrongPeterson2010-51 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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