Global Information Lookup Global Information

Low German information


Low German
Low Saxon
Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattdüütsk, Plattduitsk (South-Westphalian), Plattduitsch (Eastphalian), Plattdietsch (Low Prussian); Neddersassisch; Nedderdüütsch
Native toNorthern and western Germany
Eastern Netherlands
Southern Denmark
EthnicityDutch
Germans
Frisians
Russian Mennonites
Historically Saxons
Native speakers
Estimated 4.35–7.15 million[a][1][2][3]
Up to 10 million second-language speakers (2001)[4]
Language family
Indo-European
  • Germanic
    • West Germanic
      • North Sea Germanic
        • Low German
Early forms
Old Saxon
  • Middle Low German
Dialects
  • West Low German
  • East Low German
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Low German Netherlands[5]

Low German Germany[6]

  • Low German Schleswig-Holstein
  • Low German Hamburg
  • Low German Lower Saxony
  • Low German Saxony-Anhalt
  • Low German Mecklenburg-Vorpommern[7]
  • Low German Brandenburg[8][9]
Low German Bolivia (70,000)[10]Low German Paraguay (30,000)[11]Low German Brazil (8,000)
Language codes
ISO 639-2nds
ISO 639-3nds (Dutch varieties and Westphalian have separate codes)
Glottologlowg1239  Low German
Linguasphere52-ACB
Present-day Low German language area in Europe
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Low German[b] is a West Germanic language[12][13] spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora worldwide.

Low German is most closely related to Frisian and English, with which it forms the North Sea Germanic group of the West Germanic languages. Like Dutch, it has historically been spoken north of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses, while forms of High German (of which Standard German is a standardized example) have historically been spoken south of those lines. Like Frisian, English, Dutch and the North Germanic languages, Low German has not undergone the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Standard High German, which is based on High German dialects. Low German evolved from Old Saxon (Old Low German), which is most closely related to Old Frisian and Old English (Anglo-Saxon).

The Low German dialects spoken in the Netherlands are mostly referred to as Low Saxon, those spoken in northwestern Germany (Lower Saxony, Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen, and Saxony-Anhalt west of the Elbe) as either Low German or Low Saxon, and those spoken in northeastern Germany (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, and Saxony-Anhalt east of the Elbe) mostly as Low German, not being part of Low Saxon. This is because northwestern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands were the area of settlement of the Saxons (Old Saxony), while Low German spread to northeastern Germany through eastward migration of Low German speakers into areas with a originally Slavic-speaking population. This area is known as Germania Slavica, where the former Slavic influence is still visible in the names of settlements and physiogeographical features. [c]

It has been estimated that Low German has approximately 2.2-5.0 million speakers in Germany, primarily Northern Germany (ranging from well to very well),[14] and 2.15 million in the Netherlands (ranging from reasonable to very well).[15]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ Taaltelling Nedersaksisch, H. Bloemhoff. (2005). p88.
  2. ^ Status und Gebrauch des Niederdeutschen 2016 Archived 16 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, A. Adler, C. Ehlers, R. Goltz, A. Kleene, A. Plewnia (2016)
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference TOLoE was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Saxon, Low Ethnologue.
  5. ^ Maas, Sabine (2014). Twents op sterven na dood? : een sociolinguïstisch onderzoek naar dialectgebruik in Borne. Münster New York: Waxmann. p. 19. ISBN 978-3830980339.
  6. ^ German: § 23 Absatz 1 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Bund).
    Die Frage, ob unter deutsch rechtlich ausschließlich die hochdeutsche oder auch die niederdeutsche Sprache subsumiert wird, wird juristisch uneinheitlich beantwortet: Während der BGH in einer Entscheidung zu Gebrauchsmustereinreichung beim Deutschen Patent- und Markenamt in plattdeutscher Sprache das Niederdeutsche einer Fremdsprache gleichstellt („Niederdeutsche (plattdeutsche) Anmeldeunterlagen sind im Sinn des § 4a Abs. 1 Satz 1 GebrMG nicht in deutscher Sprache abgefaßt.“ – BGH-Beschluss vom 19. November 2002, Az. X ZB 23/01), ist nach dem Kommentar von Foerster/Friedersen/Rohde zu § 82a des Landesverwaltungsgesetzes Schleswig-Holstein unter Verweis auf Entscheidungen höherer Gerichte zu § 184 des Gerichtsverfassungsgesetzes seit 1927 (OLG Oldenburg, 10. Oktober 1927 – K 48, HRR 1928, 392) unter dem Begriff deutsche Sprache sowohl Hochdeutsch wie auch Niederdeutsch zu verstehen.
  7. ^ Unterschiedliche Rechtsauffassungen, ob Niederdeutsch in Deutschland insgesamt Amtssprache ist – siehe dazu: Amtssprache (Deutschland); zumindest aber in Schleswig-Holstein und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
  8. ^ Verein für niederdeutsche Sprachen in Brandenburg
  9. ^ Bundesrat für niederdeutsche Sprache, Neuigkeiten aus Brandenburg
  10. ^ Los Menonitas en Bolivia Archived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine CNN en Español
  11. ^ "El Comercio: Menonitas cumplen 85 años en Paraguay con prosperidad sin precedentes". Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Regionalsprache Niederdeutsch". Beauftragte für Aussiedlerfragen und nationale Minderheiten (in German). Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  13. ^ Hubertus Menke: Niederdeutsch: Eigenständige Sprache oder Varietät einer Sprache? In: Schmitsdorf et al. (Hrsgg.): Lingua Germanica. Studien zur deutschen Philologie. Jochen Splett zum 60. Geburtstag. Münster 1998, S. 171–184.
  14. ^ "Status und Gebrauch des Niederdeutschen 2016" (PDF). ins-bremen.de. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  15. ^ Bloemhoff, H. (2005). Taaltelling Nedersaksisch. Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland. p88. Groningen: Sasland.

and 28 Related for: Low German information

Request time (Page generated in 1.1333 seconds.)

Low German

Last Update:

Low German is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in...

Word Count : 11055

Middle Low German

Last Update:

Middle Low German (Low German: Middelsassisk, Middelsassisch, Middelnedderdüüsch or Middelneaderdüütsk, German: Mittelniederdeutsch, Dutch: Middelnederduits)...

Word Count : 4986

Low Saxon

Last Update:

Low Saxon (Dutch: Nedersaksisch), also known as West Low German (German: Westniederdeutsch) are a group of Low German dialects spoken in parts of the...

Word Count : 582

German language

Last Update:

High German dialects and Low Saxon/Low German dialects do not belong to the same language. Nevertheless, in today's Germany, Low Saxon/Low German is often...

Word Count : 13857

East Low German

Last Update:

East Low German (German: ostniederdeutsche Dialekte, ostniederdeutsche Mundarten, Ostniederdeutsch) is a group of Low German dialects spoken in north-eastern...

Word Count : 815

Low German house

Last Update:

The Low German house or Fachhallenhaus is a type of timber-framed farmhouse found in northern Germany and the easternmost Netherlands, which combines...

Word Count : 4301

German dialects

Last Update:

varieties of German are conventionally grouped into Upper German, Central German and Low German; Upper and Central German form the High German subgroup....

Word Count : 2801

Low Alemannic German

Last Update:

Low Alemannic German (German: Niederalemannisch) is a branch of Alemannic German, which is part of Upper German. Its varieties are only partly intelligible...

Word Count : 740

Northern Low German

Last Update:

Northern Low German (Standard High German: nördliches Niederdeutsch) is a variety of Low German in Germany, distinguished from Southern Low German. There...

Word Count : 669

History of German

Last Update:

Low German, which is often considered to be a distinct language from both German and Dutch, was the historical language of most of northern Germany....

Word Count : 1689

List of Germanic languages

Last Update:

Swabian German, including Stuttgart Low Alemannic German, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German Alsatian Colonia Tovar German Central...

Word Count : 1120

High German languages

Last Update:

Chile, and Namibia. High German is marked by the High German consonant shift, separating it from Low German (Low Saxon) and Low Franconian (including Dutch)...

Word Count : 891

Northern Low Saxon

Last Update:

subgroup of Low Saxon dialects of Low German. As such, it covers a great part of the West Low German-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception...

Word Count : 896

Germanic languages

Last Update:

nations, as well. Low German is a collection of very diverse dialects spoken in the northeast of the Netherlands and northern Germany. Some dialects like...

Word Count : 9399

High German consonant shift

Last Update:

zelf, Low German sülve : German selbe) OE sealf : OHG salba (English salve, Dutch zalf, Low German Salv : German Salbe) In strong verbs such as German heben...

Word Count : 6422

Low Prussian dialect

Last Update:

was written in Low Prussian. Low Prussian is a Low German dialect formerly spoken in Prussia. It is separated from its only adjacent German dialect, High...

Word Count : 1380

Brazilian German

Last Update:

The (Low) German-based varieties spoken by German Brazilians together form a significant minority language in Brazil. "Brazilian German" is strongly influenced...

Word Count : 1486

Germany

Last Update:

led-government in East Germany, German reunification saw the former East German states join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990. Germany has been described...

Word Count : 16513

Standard German

Last Update:

Standard High German (SHG), less precisely Standard German or High German (German: Standardhochdeutsch, Standarddeutsch, Hochdeutsch or, in Switzerland...

Word Count : 3572

Plautdietsch

Last Update:

Plautdietsch (pronounced [ˈplaʊt.ditʃ]) or Mennonite Low German is a Low Prussian dialect of East Low German with Dutch influence that developed in the 16th...

Word Count : 7060

Low Franconian

Last Update:

historical phases of Low Franconian is not analogous to the traditional Old High German / Middle High German and Old Low German / Middle Low German dichotomies...

Word Count : 1942

Dutch Low Saxon

Last Update:

Nedersaksies; Dutch: Nederlands Nedersaksisch) are the Low Saxon dialects of the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are written...

Word Count : 1819

Old Saxon

Last Update:

Old Saxon (German: altsächsische Sprache), also known as Old Low German (German: altniederdeutsche Sprache), was a Germanic language and the earliest recorded...

Word Count : 2216

Demographics of Germany

Last Update:

Northern Low Saxon. While Eastfalian has lost speakers to Standard German, Westfalian has lost speakers to Standard German and Standard German based regiolect...

Word Count : 9168

Southern Low German

Last Update:

Southern Low German (südliches Niederdeutsch) is a variety of Low German in Germany. Its varieties in Germany are divided into Westphalian and Eastphalian...

Word Count : 4670

Geographical distribution of German speakers

Last Update:

as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language, 10–25 million...

Word Count : 5915

Rundling

Last Update:

Netherlands across the North German plain to Poland, where one form of farmhouse predominated. This was the area of the Low German Hall House (Niederdeutsches...

Word Count : 4422

Languages of Germany

Last Update:

The official language of Germany is German, with over 95 percent of the country speaking Standard German or a dialect of German as their first language...

Word Count : 1095

PDF Search Engine © AllGlobal.net