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List of unrecovered and unusable flight recorders information


Flight data recorders (FDRs) and cockpit voice recorders (CVRs) in commercial aircraft continuously record information and can provide key evidence in determining the causes of an aircraft loss. The greatest depth from which a flight recorder has been recovered is 16,000 feet (4,900 m), for the CVR of South African Airways Flight 295. Most flight recorders are equipped with underwater locator beacons to assist searchers in recovering them from offshore crash sites, however these beacons run off a battery and eventually stop transmitting. For various reasons, a flight recorder cannot always be recovered, and many recorders that are recovered are too damaged to provide any data.

Crash date Flight Airline Plane Presumed location Broad cause Notes
1961-09-17 706 Northwest Airlines Lockheed L-188 Electra O'Hare International Airport Accident FDR destroyed by the impact.[1]
1965-08-16 389 United Airlines Boeing 727-22 Lake Michigan, off Chicago, Illinois Accident FDR fragmented by the impact; parts of the outer cover were found but the foil tape containing the data was not.[2]
1966-03-05 911 British Overseas Airways Corporation Boeing 707-436 Mount Fuji, Japan Accident FDR destroyed by post-impact fire. The airplane was not required to carry a CVR.[3]
1966-04-22 280/D American Flyers Airline Lockheed L-188 Electra Ardmore Municipal Airport Accident FDR stopped recording mid-flight. The airplane was not required to carry a CVR.[4]
1966-08-06 250 Braniff International Airways BAC 1-11-203AE Richardson County, Nebraska Accident FDR destroyed in the crash.[5]
1966-10-01 956 West Coast Airlines DC-9-14 Near Wemme, Oregon Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1966-11-15 708 Pan American World Airways Boeing 727-21 Near Dallgow in former East Germany Probable Accident The plane crashed in Soviet territory; only half of the wreckage was relinquished by Soviet authorities. The fate of the CVR and FDR is unknown.
1970-02-05 603 Dominicana de Aviación Douglas DC-9-32 Caribbean Sea, near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Accident Neither flight recorder was ever found.[6]
1970-05-02 980 ALM Douglas DC-9-33CF Caribbean Sea Accident Resting in 5,000 ft (1,500 m) of water; neither recorder found.[7]
1971-06-06 706 Hughes Airwest DC-9-31 San Gabriel Mountains near Los Angeles, California Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1971-07-30 845 Pan American World Airways Boeing 747-121 San Francisco International Airport Accident CVR overwritten.[8]
1972-06-29 290 North Central Airlines Convair CV-580 Lake Winnebago, near Appleton, Wisconsin Accident One of two aircraft involved in the 1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision. An estimated 50% to 60% of the wreckage was recovered from the shallow, muddy water. FDR found in good condition; CVR not found.
1972-12-08 553 United Airlines Boeing 737-222 Near Midway International Airport Accident The FDR was inoperative due to a mechanical malfunction.[9]
1973-07-22 816 Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B Pacific Ocean, off Papeete, Tahiti Accident Resting in 700 m (2,300 ft) of water; neither recorder found.[10]
1973-08-28 742 Trans World Airlines Boeing 707-331B Pacific Ocean near Los Angeles Accident CVR overwritten.[11]
1974-09-08 841 Trans World Airlines Boeing 707-331B Ionian Sea, near Greece Bomb By the time the main wreckage was located, conclusive evidence of a bomb explosion had been found, and it was decided that whatever additional information the recorders held would not justify the cost and difficulty of recovering them. Neither of the recorders were ever found.
1974-12-04 138 Martinair Douglas DC-8 Maskeliya, Sri Lanka Accident FDR completely disintegrated by impact. Small fragments of the foil tape from the unit were recovered from the crash site, but all of the fragments were from the supply spool of the recorder, and thus did not contain any flight data. The aircraft did not carry a CVR.
1975-09-30 240 Malév Tupolev Tu-154 near the Lebanese shoreline Unknown Resting in between 600 and 1,000 m (2,000 and 3,300 ft) of water; neither recorder found.[12]
1975-11-12 032 Overseas National Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1976-04-05 60 Alaska Airlines Boeing 727-81 Ketchikan International Airport, Ketchikan, Alaska Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.[13]
1976-08-15 232 SAETA Vickers Viscount 785D Chimborazo volcano, Ecuador Accident Speculation surrounding the existence of both the FDR and the CVR followed the discovery of the plane's remains in 2002, after being lost for 26 years. Civil aviation authorities claimed it didn't carry any device, but a former SAETA pilot claimed that the Viscount carried at least the FDR. A former SAETA executive also claimed that the plane was acquired with both devices. In the end, due to the crash site's high altitude, harsh weather, and inaccessible and remote location, it was declared a holy field (de facto and de jure graveyard) and no investigation was made into the causes of the crash.[14]
1976-10-13 N730JP Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano Boeing 707-131F El Trompillo Airport, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident. The CVR's cockpit area microphone was inoperative and did not record any useful information as a result.[15]
1977-09-02 3751 Transmeridian Air Cargo Canadair CL-44 2.5 Nautical Miles east of Waglan Island Accident Recovery was hampered by bad weather and poor visibility. Undersea cables in the area precluded the use of dredging equipment, making salvage operations very difficult. Only 25% of the wreckage was recovered after an extensive effort; the CVR and FDR were not found.
1977-12-18 730 SA de Transport Aérien Sud Aviation Caravelle 4 kilometers southeast of Funchal Airport, Portugal Accident Aircraft was located but largely not recovered from the sea, it was not stated in the accident report which types of flight recorders were carried, only that none were recovered.[16]
1977-12-18 2860 United Airlines Douglas DC-8F-54 Near Kaysville, Utah Accident The CVR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[17]
1978-03-01 603 Continental Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Los Angeles International Airport Accident The CVR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[18]
1979-01-30 967 Varig Boeing 707-323C Pacific Ocean, around 200 kilometers East Northeast from Tokyo, Japan Unknown The aircraft debris was never located and thus, neither the CVR and FDR was found and the cause of the crash was never determined.[19]
1979-05-25 191 American Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 Des Plaines, Illinois Accident The separation of engine one caused the cockpit voice recorder to cut off and lose power one second later, causing the last 31 seconds of the crash to not be recorded.[20]
1981-05-07 901 Austral Líneas Aéreas BAC One-Eleven Río de la Plata, near Buenos Aires, Argentina Accident Neither flight recorder was ever found.[21]
1981-05-24 HC-BHG/FAE-723 Ecuadorian Air Force flight, in behalf of the Ecuadorian Government Beechcraft Super King Air Huairapungo Hill, Loja Province, Ecuador Accident (officially) The existence, and possible whereabouts, of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. High-ranking Air Force officers stated to a 1992 inquiry by the Congress of Ecuador that the black box equipment wasn't acquired with the plane because it was considered "optional." The acquisition expedient did not show that either device was acquired, and Beechcraft claimed that it had no record of selling or providing either device. In spite of this, and that, at least officially, none was found at the crash site, the possibility that black boxes existed has been speculated on. The head of the 1992 parliamentary inquiry criticized the Ecuadorian armed forces for cordoning off the area and removing debris without any judicial process or security protocols.[22]
1983-01-11 2885 United Airlines Douglas DC-8F-54 Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Romulus, Michigan Accident The FDR malfunctioned during the accident.[23]
1982-09-13 995 Spantax McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF Málaga Airport, Málaga, Spain Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1985-01-01 980 Eastern Air Lines Boeing 727-225 25 nmi (46 km) from La Paz at the 19,600 ft (5,970 m) level of Andean peak Mt. Illimani. Accident Due to the extreme high altitude and inaccessibility of the accident location, the FDR and CVR could not be recovered.[24] A team of three mountain climbers attempted to find the recorders in 2016, recovering part of the recorder mounting rack and a magnetic tape which they believed may have come from the CVR.[25] The NTSB determined that the tape was not from a flight recorder.[26]
1985-01-21 203 Galaxy Airlines Lockheed L-188 Electra Near Cannon International Airport, Reno, Nevada Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[27]
1985-02-19 006 China Airlines Boeing 747SP-09 Pacific Ocean, near San Francisco, California, United States Accident CVR data overwritten due to the aircraft being repaired and returned to service.[28]
1985-07-10 5143 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154B-2 Uchkuduk, Uzbekistan (formerly Uzbek SSR) Accident CVR completely destroyed by impact, explosion, and post-crash fire.
1985-12-12 1285R Arrow Air Douglas DC-8-63CF Gander International Airport, Gander, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Accident The CVR was unusable as its cockpit area microphone was inoperative at the time of the accident and did not record any information.[29]
1987-11-28 295 South African Airways Boeing 747-244B Combi Indian Ocean, near Mauritius In-Flight Fire CVR located at a depth of 4,900 m (16,100 ft), but the quality of the audio was very poor and only the last 30 minutes were recorded. In that, much of the conversation was unknown and the tape stopped when the emergency began, possibly due to the fire burning the wires to the CVR. FDR not found.
1987-11-29 858 Korean Air Boeing 707-3B5C Andaman Sea Bomb Neither flight recorder was ever found.[30]
1988-07-03 655 Iran Air Airbus A300 Persian Gulf Shot Down Neither flight recorder was ever found.[31]
1989-03-10 1363 Air Ontario Fokker F28-1000 Dryden Regional Airport, Dryden, Ontario Accident CVR and FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.
1989-09-08 394 Partnair Convair CV-580 Sea, near Copenhagen, Denmark Accident Both recorders found, CVR stopped working before takeoff, FDR yielded distorted data.
1990-01-25 052 Avianca Boeing 707 Cove Neck, New York Accident The FDR was inoperative at the time of the accident.[32]
1990-09-11 OB-1303 Faucett Perú Boeing 727-247 Atlantic Ocean, 350 miles southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland Accident Plane and all sixteen aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR. Aircraft was being returned to Peru after lease to Air Malta. Crew reported a low fuel notice and that they were preparing to ditch. 16 occupants were on board[33]
1991-05-26 004 Lauda Air Boeing 767-3Z9ER Phu Toei National Park, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand Accident FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.[34]
1992-01-03 4821 CommuteAir Beechcraft 1900C Gabriels, New York Accident CVR destroyed by post-crash fire. The airplane was not required to carry an FDR.[35]
1992-01-20 148 Air Inter Airbus A320-111 Mont Sainte-Odile Accident FDR destroyed by post-crash fire.[36]
1992-06-06 201 Copa Airlines Boeing 737-204 Advanced Darien Gap, near Tucuti, Panama Accident Both recorders found, but CVR tape was broken in several pieces, and the recording recovered from it was from a different flight.
1992-09-10 015 Expreso Aéreo Fokker F27-500 Bellavista airstrip, San Martín Region, Peru Accident The CVR's magnetic tape was found to have been burned by the post-crash fire. The FDR was found not to be working properly at the time of the crash, as the tape was not connected.[37]
1992-09-28 268 Pakistan International Airlines Airbus A300B4-203 Kathmandu, Nepal Accident Both recorders found, but no conversation can be heard on CVR, rendering it unusable.[38]
1992-10-04 1862 El Al Boeing 747-258F Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the Bijlmermeer, Amsterdam Zuidoost Accident FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape broken in four pieces; CVR not found.[39]
1992-11-24 3493 China Southern Airlines Boeing 737-3Y0 12.5 miles south of Guilin Airport, China Accident FDR found but severely damaged, with the tape being exposed to the post crash fire; CVR not found.[40]
1992-12-07 012 China Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 20 miles east of Japan Incident The CVR was overwritten.[41]
1993-04-06 583 China Eastern Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Near the Aleutian Islands Accident The CVR experienced a mechanical malfunction and did not contain any data from the accident flight.[42]
1994-04-06 9XR-NN Rwanda Government Dassault Falcon 50 1 Nautical Mile East of Kigali Airport, Kigali, Rwanda Shot Down The whereabouts and even the existence of the CVR and/or FDR has been disputed. Multiple independent investigations have been unable to determine the location of any flight recorders the aircraft may have carried. A proper examination of the crash site was not conducted until 15 years after the shootdown, by which time a majority of the wreckage had been displaced or scavenged.[43] The manufacturer performed maintenance on the airplane a year before the crash, during which they documented that no recorders were installed (though mounting racks were in place for the operator to install them if they later decided to).[44] Rwandan aviation laws at the time required all airplanes used for transporting the head of state to carry both a CVR and an FDR. The possibility that recorders were installed at some point between the work performed by Dassault and the shootdown has not been ruled out.
1994-12-21 702P Air Algérie, leased from Phoenix Aviation Boeing 737-200 Willenhall, Coventry Accident The FDR did not record any data from the accident flight.[45]
1995-08-09 901 Aviateca Boeing 737-200 San Vicente, El Salvador Accident The FDR was not found at the crash site, possibly scavenged from the site by locals.[46]
1995-12-20 41 Tower Air Boeing 747-136 John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City Accident The FDR was inoperative during the accident due to a data acquisition unit problem.[47]
1996-02-29 251 Faucett Perú Boeing 737-222 Ciudad de Dios, Cerro Colorado District, near Arequipa, Peru Accident The FDR was usable, but the partly-burned and partly-damaged CVR had its magnetic tape broken at its beginning and only recorded isolated Spanish-language voices, possibly made during maintenance duties. Thus there was no recording of the flight crew's final moments before the crash. The airline claimed to have acquired the CVR in mid-1995, and to have done maintenance on it in two occasions immediately prior to the crash; however, the CVR's interior showed December 1989 as the date of its last opening.[48]
1996-06-09 517 Eastwind Airlines Boeing 737-2H5 Richmond International Airport, Richmond, Virginia Incident CVR overwritten.[49]
1996-10-22 406 Millon Air Boeing 707-323C Manta, Ecuador Accident The FDR presented malfunctions that precluded precise and full readouts of its data. The device was reportedly retrofitted into the aircraft and also lacked adequate documentation.[50][51]
1997-12-06 RA-82005 Ukrainian Cargo Airways Antonov An-124-100 Mira Street, Irkutsk, Russia Accident The two flight recorders were in the center of the fire and were too badly damaged to provide meaningful data.[52]
1997-12-28 826 United Airlines Boeing 747-122 Pacific Ocean Accident CVR overwritten.[53]
1998-09-29 602 Lionair Antonov An-24RV Off the coast of Iranaitivu, Mannar District, Sri Lanka Shootdown No trace of either the FDR or the CVR was found among the 30% to 40% of the aircraft's wreckage that was salvaged in 2013. Only a highly corroded and damaged debris was later identified as the auxiliary data recorder.[54]
2000-01-30 431 Kenya Airways Airbus A310-304 Atlantic Ocean, East of Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport, Abidjan, Ivory Coast Accident The FDR data did not correspond to any kind of flight.[55]
2000-05-21 N16EJ East Coast Aviation Services d/b/a Executive Airlines British Aerospace Jetstream Bear Creek Township, Pennsylvania Accident The CVR did not record data from the accident flight. The airplane was not required to carry an FDR.[56]
2001-09-11 11 American Airlines Boeing 767-223ER North World Trade Center, New York City Hijack Neither flight recorder was ever found.[57]
2001-09-11 175 United Airlines Boeing 767-222 South World Trade Center, New York City Hijack Neither flight recorder was ever found.[57]
2001-09-11 77 American Airlines Boeing 757-223 Pentagon, Washington D.C. Hijack CVR too badly damaged by fire to provide any information.[57]
2001-10-04 1812 Siberia Airlines Tupolev Tu-154 Black Sea Shootdown Resting in 3,300 ft (1,000 m) of water; neither recorder found.[58]
2002-05-04 4226 EAS Airlines BAC One-Eleven 525FT Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano, Nigeria Accident The FDR was recovered but inoperative; the CVR was never found.[59]
2002-07-28 9560 Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Ilyushin Il-86 Near Sheremetyevo International Airport, Moscow, Russia Accident The CVR did not record the flight crew's conversations.[60]
2003-05-25 N844AA Aerospace Sales & Leasing Boeing 727 Luanda, Angola Unknown Aircraft stolen, current whereabouts are unknown.
2004-10-14 1602 MK Airlines Boeing 747-244(SF) Halifax Stanfield International Airport, Halifax, Nova Scotia Accident CVR was exposed to extreme heat for an extended period which melted the recording tape.[61]
2005-02-03 904 Kam Air Boeing 737-200 Pamir Mountains, Afghanistan Accident Crash site located at a near inaccessible area of the Pamir Mountains. Most of the wreckage was buried in deep snow, and specialists had to clear landmines from the area before it could be accessed. FDR found with extreme difficulty (though it did not contain data due to a pre-existing fault in the data acquisition unit). The CVR was never found, and at least one investigator was killed during the search.
2005-09-05 091 Mandala Airlines Boeing 737-200 Advanced Polonia International Airport, Medan Accident Both recorders found, but CVR was of poor quality, rendering it unusable.
2005-10-22 210 Bellview Airlines Boeing 737-200 Lisa Village, Ogun, Nigeria Accident Neither recorder found.[62]
2005-12-19 101 Chalk's Ocean Airway Grumman G-73T Turbine Mallard Miami Beach, Florida Accident Not equipped with FDR; CVR recovered but nothing audible could be recovered from it.[63][64]
2006-08-13 2208 Air Algérie Lockheed C-130 Hercules Piacenza, Italy Accident The aircraft carried an older FDR which was inoperative at the time of the accident.[65]
2007-11-30 4203 Atlasjet McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Keçiborlu, Turkey Accident The CVR was inoperative for 9 days before the crash. FDR only recorded the first 14 minutes of the flight.[66]
2008-08-24 6895 Iran Aseman Airlines Boeing 737-219 Advanced Manas International Airport, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Accident The FDR tape was damaged by fire leading to a 13 seconds cut in data. The CVR was inoperative prior to the flight. It contained the recording of a previous flight.[67]
2009-10-21 2241 Azza Transport Boeing 707-330C 2 miles north of Sharjah International Airport Accident Neither the FDR or the CVR were recording during the flight.[68]
2009-10-21 188 Northwest Airlines Airbus A320-212 Minnesota, United States Incident The CVR was overwritten.[69]
2010-11-11 ST-ARQ Tarco Airlines Antonov An-24 Zalingei Airport, Zalingei, Sudan Accident The FDR did not contain any data and the CVR contained 4 minutes of recording of a different flight.[70]
2011-07-28 991 Asiana Airlines Boeing 747-400F Korea Strait Accident FDR was recovered but the memory module was missing inside the chassis. CVR not recovered.[71]
2012-06-03 0992 Dana Air McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Iju-Ishaga, Lagos, Nigeria Accident Both recorders recovered, but the FDR was destroyed.[72]
2012-12-09 N345MC Private Aircraft Learjet 25 Iturbide, Mexico Accident FDR recovered but with too much damage to yield any data. CVR not found at crash site, investigators could not determine whether the airplane was equipped with one at the time of the crash.[73]
2014-03-08 370 Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777-2H6ER South Indian Ocean Unknown Plane and all 239 passengers and crew missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2014-07-24 5017 Air Algérie McDonnell Douglas MD-83 Near Gossi, Mali Accident CVR quality was unusable.[74]
2015-08-16 267 Trigana Air ATR 42-300 Near Oksibil, West Papua, Indonesia Accident Both recorders found, but FDR was not working at the time of accident.
2015-09-05 6V-AIM Senegalair Hawker-Beechcraft HS125-700A Atlantic Ocean, west of Dakar, Senegal Accident Plane and all seven aboard missing, along with the CVR and FDR.
2018-04-18 30 Delta Air Lines Airbus A330-323 Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia Accident CVR data overwritten by other recordings.[75]
2021-07-06 251 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Antonov An-26B-100 Palana, Russia Accident Both recorders recovered, but the CVR was too badly damaged to retrieve data from it.
2023-06-04 N611VG Private aircraft Cessna Citation V Mine Bank Mountain Accident CVR has not been recovered. The airplane was not equipped with an FDR.[76]
2024-01-05 1282 Alaska Airlines Boeing 737 MAX 9 Over Portland, Oregon, United States Accident CVR overwritten by other recordings.[77]
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  44. ^ Mutsinzi, Jean. "REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK OF 06/04/1994 AGAINST THE FALCON 50 RWANDAN PRESIDENTIAL AEROPLANE, REGISTRATION NUMBER 9XR-NN" (PDF).
  45. ^ "Report on the accident to Boeing 737-2D6C, 7T-VEE at Willenhall, Coventry, Warwickshire on 21 December 1994" (PDF). Air Accidents Investigation Branch. 7 December 1995. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
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  51. ^ https://flightsafety.org/ap/ap_sept98.pdf p. 11, Note 1.
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  55. ^ "REPORT – Accident which occurred on 30 January 2000 in the sea near Abidjan Airport to the Airbus 310–304 registered 5Y-BEN operated by Kenya Airways" (PDF). Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety. 25 January 2002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2019.
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  76. ^ Gerhardt, Adam; Mitchell, Mitch A.; Tsai, Helen; Asensio, Ricardo J.; Gibson, Kurt; Studtmann, David; Rushworth, Randolph W. (21 June 2023). Aviation Investigation Preliminary Report (Report). Montebello, VA: National Transportation Safety Board. ERA23FA256. Retrieved 22 June 2023. According to recent maintenance inspection records, the airplane as of May 2023 was equipped with a cockpit voice recorder (CVR), however, at the time of this publication, a CVR had not been located. The airplane was not equipped with a flight data recorder, nor was it required to be.
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