Location of World Heritage Sites in Egypt. Blue dots represent the sites of the Nubian Monuments.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation, or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage.[2] Egypt accepted the convention on 7 February 1974 , making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. There are seven World Heritage Sites in Egypt, and a further 34 sites on the tentative list.[3]
First sites in Egypt were listed in 1979, when five properties were inscribed. Since then, two more sites have been listed, Saint Catherine Area in 2002 and Wadi al Hitan in 2005. The latter is also the only natural site in Egypt, the other sites are listed for their cultural properties.[3] One of the key events that triggered the development of the World Heritage Convention was related to Egypt. Following the decision to construct the Aswan Dam on the Nile which would result in flooding of numerous archaeological sites in Lower Nubia, an international campaign was launched in 1959 to preserve the sites by dismantling them and reassembling them at safe locations.[4] One site in Egypt is currently listed as endangered. Abu Mena was listed in 2001 because the rising water table is decreasing the stability of clay-based soils, resulting in threats to structural integrity of the monuments.[5] Egypt has served on the World Heritage Committee five times.[3]
^"The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2019.
^"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
^ abc"Egypt". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
^"The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
^"World Heritage Committee Inscribes Two Sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 12 December 2001. Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
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