Segment of a molecule which antibodies recognize by its linear structure
Recognition of epitopes in a linear fashion. Note: the same (colored) segment of protein can be a part of more than one epitopes
In immunology, a linear epitope (also sequential epitope) is an epitope—a binding site on an antigen—that is recognized by antibodies by its linear sequence of amino acids (i.e. primary structure). In contrast, most antibodies recognize a conformational epitope that has a specific three-dimensional shape (tertiary structure).
An antigen is any substance that the immune system can recognize as being foreign and which provokes an immune response. Since antigens are usually proteins that are too large to bind as a whole to any receptor, only specific segments that form the antigen bind with a specific antibody. Such segments are called epitopes. Likewise, it is only the paratope of the antibody that comes in contact with the epitope.
Proteins are composed of repeating nitrogen-containing subunits called amino acids. The linear sequence of amino acids that compose a protein is called its primary structure, which typically does not present as simple line of sequential proteins (much like a knot, rather than a straight string). But, when an antigen is broken down in a lysosome, it yields small peptides, which can be recognized through the amino acids that lie continuously in a line, and hence are called linear epitopes.[1]
^Goldsby, Richard; Kindt, TJ; Osborne, BA; Janis Kuby (2003). "Antigens (Chapter 3)". Immunology (Fifth ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 57–75. ISBN 0716749475.
diseases) are also epitopes. The epitopes of protein antigens are divided into two categories, conformational epitopes and linearepitopes, based on their...
immunology, a linearepitope (also sequential epitope) is an epitope—a binding site on an antigen—that is recognized by antibodies by its linear sequence of...
line. These are known as linearepitopes. Antigen LinearepitopeEpitope mapping, finding (on an antigen protein) the epitope(s) for a specific antibody...
and/or structural data. Epitopes are generally divided into two classes: linear and conformational/discontinuous. Linearepitopes are formed by a continuous...
cell), this explanation is too simplistic. Such epitopes are known as sequential or linearepitopes, as all the amino acids on them are in the same sequence...
to conformational epitopes of the immunogenic carboxyl-terminal region of the TPO protein, although antibodies to linearepitopes have been seen. Anti-TPO...
M; Sakarellos, C; Moutsopoulos, H M (1998). "The value of synthetic linearepitope analogues of La/SSB for the detection of autoantibodies to La/SSB; specificity...
Further studies have expanded the ideal epitope beyond ELDKWAS and revealed that the extended linearepitope NEQELLELDKWASLWN increased 2F5 affinity greatly...
body). The TCRs of T lymphocytes recognise only sequential epitopes, also called linearepitopes, of only peptides and only if coupled within an MHC molecule...
Jorge Elias; De-Simone, Salvatore Giovanni (January 2015). "B-cell linearepitopes mapping of antigen-5 allergen from Polybia paulista wasp venom". Journal...
broken down into pieces in both of these antigens. Less commonly, the NC16a epitope on BP180 has been linked to LABD. IgA antibodies directed against various...
cells require antigens to be processed into short fragments which form linearepitopes on MHC Class II (in the case of helper T cells because they express...
differentiation into plasma cells and proliferation T cell receptors Linearepitopes bound to MHC Activate T cells Cytokine receptors Cytokines Regulation...
their protein products. Either the linear amino acid sequence or the conformational fit of the immunodominant epitope may be shared between the pathogen...
peptides that have been shown in several publications to contain human linear B cell epitopes in spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the study was criticized...
allergoid sustain the linearepitopes recognized by the MHC-TCR cell-present systems (keeps the immunoreactivity) but has less reaginic epitopes (less allergenicity)...
antibody's binding sites (epitopes) on the target protein is referred to as "epitope mapping." Finding the binding epitope of an antibody is essential...
how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope. It is conventionally expressed as the inverse of the greatest dilution...
Petersen G, Song D, Hugle-Dorr B, Oldenburg I, Bautz EK: Mapping of linearepitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies with gene-fragment phage display...
transports digested viral antigen epitope peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing these epitopes to be combined with MHC class I...
molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope. The general procedure to produce polyclonal antibodies is as follows:...
activated Th1 cell's T cell receptor (TCR) via pMHC-II in a process known as epitope spreading. Thus, the B cell presents the foreign peptide (modified gliadin)...
fold. Many SH3-binding epitopes of proteins have a consensus sequence that can be represented as a regular expression or Short linear motif: -X-P-p-X-P- 1...
Global Information