Ancient trading confederation in the Horn of Africa (2500 BCE – 980 BCE)
This article is about the ancient kingdom. For the region in Somalia, see Puntland.
Punt
Egyptian empire (highlighted) with Punt in South-East corner (commonly agreed location)
Geographical range
Horn of Africa
Dates
c. 2500–980 BCE
The Land of Punt (Egyptian: pwnt; alternate Egyptological readings Pwene(t)[1] /pu:nt/) was an ancient kingdom known from Ancient Egyptian trade records. It produced and exported gold, aromatic resins, blackwood, ebony, ivory and wild animals.[2] Recent evidence locates it in northwestern Eritrea.[3] It is possible that it includes or corresponds to Opone, as later known by the ancient Greeks,[4][5][6] while some biblical scholars have identified it with the biblical land of Put or Havilah.[7][8]
At times Punt is referred to as Ta netjer (tꜣ nṯr), lit.'Land of the God'.[9] The exact location of Punt is debated by historians. Various locations have been offered, southeast of Egypt, a coastal region south of it along the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, in present day north-east Sudan, Eritrea, northeast Ethiopia, Djibouti and northern Somalia, including Somaliland.
It is also possible that it covered both the Horn of Africa and the area across the sea, in Southern Arabia.[10][11][12] The autonomous state of Puntland, the modern day Somali administrative region at the tip of the Horn of Africa is named in honor of this ancient kingdom.[13]
^Ian Shaw & Paul Nicholson, The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, British Museum Press, London. 1995, p. 231.
^Shaw & Nicholson, p. 231.
^"We have finally found the land of Punt, where pharaohs got their gifts". New Scientist. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
^"Punt". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
^Flückiger, Friedrich August; Hanbury, Daniel (20 March 2014). Pharmacographia. Cambridge University Press. p. 136. ISBN 9781108069304.
^Wood, Michael (2005). In Search of Myths & Heroes: Exploring Four Epic Legends of the World. University of California Press. p. 155. ISBN 9780520247246. opone punt.
^Albright, W. F. (1922). "The Location of the Garden of Eden". American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 39 (1): 20. doi:10.1086/369964. JSTOR 528684. S2CID 170465632.
^Sadler, Rodney Jr. (2009). "Put". In Katharine Sakenfeld (ed.). New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible. Vol. 4. Nashville: Abingdon Press. pp. 691–92.
^Breasted, John Henry (1906–1907), Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest, collected, edited, and translated, with Commentary, p. 433, vol. 1
^Simson R. Najovits (May 2003). Egypt, Trunk of the Tree, Vol. I: A Modern Survey of an Ancient Land. Vol. 1. Algora Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-87586-234-7.
^Dimitri Meeks – Chapter 4 – "Locating Punt" from the book Mysterious Lands", by David B. O'Connor and Stephen Quirke.
^Where Is Punt? Nova. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/egypt-punt.html
^"Puntland profile". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
The LandofPunt (Egyptian: pwnt; alternate Egyptological readings Pwene(t) /pu:nt/) was an ancient kingdom known from Ancient Egyptian trade records....
Look up punt in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Punt or punting may refer to: Punt (boat), a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow developed on the...
Puntland, Arabic: أرض البنط, Italian: Terra di Punt or Paese di Punt), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Somali: Dowlad Goboleedka Puntland ee...
ethnic relationship of their peoples. The Egyptians sometimes called the LandofPunt, "God's-Land", due to the "large quantities of gold, ivory, and myrrh...
in reference to Somaliland's location in the ancient LandofPunt and which is now the name of the Puntland state in neighbouring Somalia, and Shankaroon...
majority of them being Sunni. In antiquity, Somalia was an important commercial center. It is among the most probable locations of the ancient LandofPunt. During...
of the LandofPunt. Nearby Zeila, now in Somaliland, was the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French...
they cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa. According to most scholars, the ancient LandofPunt and its native...
land mass, begins with human habitation tens of thousands of years ago. It includes the civilizations ofPunt, the Ottomans, and colonial influences from...
Landof the Gods may refer to: Greece, in Greek literature and mythology LandofPunt, by the Ancient Egyptians Manipur, in Meitei mythology and folklore...
S2CID 15828725. "Queen Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land ofPunt: The first oceanographic cruise?". Dept. of Oceanography, Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2010-05-08...
to most scholars, it is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient LandofPunt. During the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali states and...
snfr-k3-ra "He who embellishes the Soul of Re" Mentuhotep III sent an expedition to the LandofPunt during the 8th year of his reign, something that had not...
between 2,500 and 1,500 BC. Around 2,000 BC, parts of Eritrea were most likely part of the LandofPunt, first mentioned in the twenty-fifth century BC....
in the Eritrean War of Independence. Eritrea is widely considered to have been part of the territory of the ancient LandofPunt, which was first recorded...
the "LandofPunt" and from Arabia. Indian goods were brought in Arabian and Indian vessels to Aden. Rawlinson identifies the long-debated "ships of Tarshish...
the Gulf of Aden to the east. In antiquity, the territory was part of the LandofPunt. Djibouti gained its independence on June 27, 1977. The Djibouti...
depiction of Queen Ati of the LandofPunt. Hatshepsut also sent raiding expeditions to Byblos and the Sinai Peninsula shortly after the Punt expedition. Very...
most notable reliefs of the temple; those of the expedition to the LandofPunt and of the divine birth of Hatshepsut, the backbone of her case to rightfully...
importing spices from the "LandofPunt" and from Arabia. By the time of Julius Caesar, several well-established combined land-sea trade routes depended...
from the incense-producing regions" (i.e. LandofPunt) by Pharaoh Hatshepsut in 1450 BC, was the first usage of the term or somehow connected. Francis Breyer...
increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's...
to the prehistoric LandofPunt and others: Kingdom of Dagbon, the Empire of Ashanti, Kingdom of Kongo, Empire of Mali, Kingdom of Zimbabwe, Songhai Empire...
by ancient Egyptians, as they attempted to establish commercial routes to Punt. One such expedition took place around 2500 BC, and another around 1500 BC...
territory of the present-day unilaterally declared Republic of Somaliland, which claims to be its legal successor. It existed on the territory of former...