Illegal since 1862 under Section 377 of the Bangladeshi Penal Code[1]
Penalty
Imprisonment for same-sex sexual activity. [2]
Gender identity
Third gender recognized;[3][4] transgender persons permitted to officially register their identity as this gender[5][6]
Discrimination protections
No
Family rights
Recognition of relationships
No
Adoption
No
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Bangladesh face widespread social and legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ people.[7][8] Homosexuality is illegal under Bangladeshi law, which is inherited from the colonial British Indian government's Section 377 of 1860.[9][10] According to the law, the punishment for engaging in same-sex sexual activities is imprisonment.
In 2014, hijras gained official third gender recognition codified by the Cabinet of Bangladesh, with voter lists offering third gender options and hijra candidates running for government positions.[11]
Homosexuality is widely disapproved in Bangladesh with no legal protections against discrimination.[12] Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer-identifying individuals frequently report harassment, discrimination, abuse, and violence for their gender identity and sexual orientation.[11] While hijras are generally more accepted and have historically held culturally important roles, they also face severe discrimination and unequal access to various social services like housing and health care.[11][13]
^Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. "Bangladesh 2016 Human Rights Report" (PDF). state.gov. United States Department of State. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017. Consensual same-sex sexual activity is illegal under Section 377 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, but the law was not enforced.
^Ashif Islam Shaon (27 April 2016). "Where does Bangladesh stand on LGBT issue?". Dhaka Tribune.
^"LGBT Rights in Bangladesh". Equaldex. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
^Mohosinul, Karim (11 November 2013). "Hijras now a separate gender". Dhaka Tribune.
^"Legal gender recognition in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka". Centre for Law and Policy Research. 31 July 2020.
^Khanam, Arobia (28 January 2022). "Human Rights of Hijras in Bangladesh: An Analysis". Social Science Review. 38 (1): 249–276. doi:10.3329/ssr.v38i1.56533. S2CID 246404728.
^Kumar, Hari; Najar, Nida (19 May 2017). "Bangladesh Police Raid Gay Men's Gathering". The New York Times.
^"Acceptance of lesbian love: Too much to expect?". Dhaka Tribune.
^"Bangladesh's LGBT community and the UPR 2013". bdnews24.com (Opinion). 27 April 2013.
^"Bangladesh authorities arrest 27 men on suspicion of being gay". The Independent. 19 May 2017.
^ abc"Understanding the Lives of Bangladesh's LGBTI Community". International Republican Institute. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
^"LGBT Rights in Bangladesh". Equaldex. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
^Amanullah, A. S. M.; Abir, Tanvir; Husain, Taha; Lim, David; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu L.; Ahmed, Giasuddin; Ahmed, Saleh; Nur -A Yazdani, Dewan Muhammad; Agho, Kingsley E. (7 July 2022). "Human rights violations and associated factors of the Hijras in Bangladesh—A cross-sectional study". PLOS ONE. 17 (7): e0269375. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769375A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269375. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9262195. PMID 35797363.
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