A banner used by the Adal Sultanate and later the Isaaq on key religious shrines[1]
Extent of the Isaaq clan-family at the end of the 19th century
Capital
Toon (first)[2] Hargeisa (last)
Common languages
Arabic
Religion
Sunni Islam
Government
Monarchy
Sultan
• ~1700s
Abdi Eisa (Traditional Chief)
• 1750–1808 (first Sultan)
Guled Abdi
• 1870–1884 (last)
Deria Hassan
History
• Established
1749
• Disestablished
1884
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Adal Sultanate
British Somaliland
Today part of
Somaliland
The Isaaq Sultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Isaaq, Wadaad: سَلْدَنَدْدَ إساقْ, Arabic: السلطنة الإسحاقية) was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries.[3][4] It spanned the territories of the Isaaq clan in modern-day Somaliland and Ethiopia.[5] The sultanate was governed by the Rer Guled branch of the Garhajis clan[3] and is the pre-colonial predecessor to the modern Republic of Somaliland.[6][7][8]
^أل شيخ عبدلله ري اشأل صومالي, كشف السدول لريراش ,٥٠
^The Transactions of the Bombay Geographical Society 1850, Volume 9, p.133
^ ab"Somali Traditional States". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2023-03-17.
^Ylönen, Aleksi Ylönen (28 December 2023). The Horn Engaging the Gulf Economic Diplomacy and Statecraft in Regional Relations. Bloomsbury. p. 113. ISBN 9780755635191.
^J. A. Suárez (2023). Suárez, J. A. Geopolítica De Lo Desconocido. Una Visión Diferente De La Política Internacional [2023]. p. 227. ISBN 979-8393720292.
^"Taariikhda Beerta Suldaan Cabdilaahi ee Hargeysa | Somalidiasporanews.com". Retrieved 2021-01-09.
^Genealogies of the Somal. Eyre and Spottiswoode (London). 1896.
^"Taariikhda Saldanada Reer Guuleed Ee Somaliland.Abwaan:Ibraahim-rashiid Cismaan Guure (aboor). | Togdheer News Network". Retrieved 2021-08-09.
The IsaaqSultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Isaaq, Wadaad: سَلْدَنَدْدَ إساقْ, Arabic: السلطنة الإسحاقية) was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn...
collapse of the Adal Sultanate, the Isaaq established successor states, the IsaaqSultanate and the Habr Yunis Sultanate. These two Sultanates possessed some...
resourceful Boqor (King) Osman Mahamuud. The modern Guleed dynasty of the IsaaqSultanate was established in the middle of the 18th century CE by Sultan Guled...
Awsame, Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi. In the late 19th century, Somali sultanates like Isaaq, Habr Yunis, Majeerteen...
major clan of the wider Isaaq clan family. They are the traditional holders of the IsaaqSultanate and Habr Yunis Sultanate since the 18th century. As...
The Isaaq genocide (Somali: Xasuuqii beesha Isaaq, Arabic: الإبادة الجماعية لقبيلة إسحاق), also known as the Hargeisa holocaust, was the systematic, state-sponsored...
the Isaaq clan family. They are the traditional holders of the IsaaqSultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq, its...
coast and the interior by the IsaaqSultanate. Initially it served as a watering well for the vast livestock of the Isaaq clan that inhabited that specific...
British Somaliland through various treaties with the northern Somali sultanates (Dir, Isaaq and Harti including the Warsangali). The Warsangali clan constituted...
Somali territories, particularly by the Isaaq. Famous Sultans include Fakr ad-Din, the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Mogadishu, who built the 13th-century...
Ishaqids: Tolje'lo Dynasty of the IsaaqSultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed) Guled Dynasty of the IsaaqSultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)...
Isaaq in modern day Somaliland and Ethiopia. The sultanate was governed by the Rer Ainanshe branch of the Habr Yunis clan. The Habr Yunis Sultanate finds...
Harari and Afar regions of Ethiopia IsaaqSultanate, in Somaliland and the Somali region of Ethiopia Habr Yunis Sultanate, in Somaliland and Somali region...
The Ajuran Sultanate (Somali: Saldanadda Ajuuraan, Arabic: سلطنة الأجورانية), natively referred to as Ajuuraan, and often simply Ajuran, was a medieval...
The Adal Sultanate also known as the Adal Empire, or Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate, Adal Sultanate) (Arabic: عدال سلطنة) was a medieval...
The Sultanate of Hobyo (Somali: Saldanadda Hobyo, Arabic: سلطنة هوبيو), also known as the Sultanate of Obbia, was a 19th-century Somali Sultanate in present-day...
declaration of economic warfare on the Isaaq. The transfer of power to non-Isaaq pro-government individuals further pushed Isaaq communities to rebel against Barre's...
Ishaqids: Tolje'lo Dynasty of the IsaaqSultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed) Guled Dynasty of the IsaaqSultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)...
with the Samaale family. The Isaaq clan trace paternal descent to the Islamic leader Ishaaq bin Ahmed al-Hashimi (Sheikh Isaaq). The Digil & Mirifle (Rahanweyn)...
The Majeerteen Sultanate (Somali: Suldanadda Majeerteen, lit. 'Boqortooyada Majerteen', Arabic: سلطنة مجرتين), or Majerteen Kingdom also known as Majeerteenia...
harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the Isaaq people, in April 1981 a group of Isaaq businesspeople, students, former civil servants and former...
bin al-Hussein al-Hashimi, more commonly known as Sheikh Ishaaq or Sheikh Isaaq (Arabic: الشيخ إسحاق بن أحمد بن محمد الهاشمي, romanized: Ash-Shaykh Isḥāq...
clan-based violence perpetrated by the Barre dictatorship were against the Isaaq and Majeerteen clans. In the aftermath of the Ogaden War, a group of disgruntled...
forced regional powers such as the Omani Empire to submit tribute. The IsaaqSultanate was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during...
ancestors of the Darod and Isaaq clans, respectively) travelling from Arabia to Somalia and marrying into the local Dir clan. The Sultanate of Mogadishu's first...