The molecular structure of human interferon-beta (PDB: 1AU1).
Identifiers
Symbol
Interferons
Pfam
PF00143
InterPro
IPR000471
SMART
SM00076
PROSITE
PDOC00225
CATH
1au1
SCOP2
1au1 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD
cd00095
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
PDB
1b5l :24-187 1ovi :24-185 2hie :24-186
1itf :24-186 1au1B:22-187 2hif :24-182
1wu3I:22-182
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA17 and IFNA21), IFNω (IFNW1), IFNɛ (IFNE), IFNк (IFNK) and IFNβ (IFNB1), plus 11 IFN pseudogenes.[1]
Interferons bind to interferon receptors. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains.
Type I IFNs are found in all mammals, and homologous (similar) molecules have been found in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species.[2][3]
^Razaghi A, Brusselaers N, Björnstedt M, Durand-Dubief M (September 2021). "Copy number alteration of the interferon gene cluster in cancer: Individual patient data meta-analysis prospects to personalized immunotherapy". Neoplasia. 23 (10): 1059–1068. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2021.08.004. PMC 8458777. PMID 34555656.
^Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P (May 2004). "The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates". Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 28 (5): 499–508. doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009. PMID 15062646.
^Samarajiwa SA, Wilson W, Hertzog PJ (2006). "Type I interferons: genetics and structure". In Meager A (ed.). The interferons: characterization and application. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 3–34. ISBN 978-3-527-31180-4.
The type-Iinterferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses...
on the type of receptor through which they signal, human interferons have been classified into three major types. InterferontypeI: All typeI IFNs bind...
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The existence of this interferon...
The type III interferon group is a group of anti-viral cytokines, that consists of four IFN-λ (lambda) molecules called IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3 (also known...
respond to a select group of cytokines including interferontypeI, interferontype II, interferontype III. and members of the interleukin-10 family These...
typeIinterferon production when cells are infected with intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, mycobacteria and intracellular parasites. TypeI interferon...
'movement'. Interferon-alpha, an interferontypeI, was identified in 1957 as a protein that interfered with viral replication. The activity of interferon-gamma...
recently reviewed. There are 3 types of IFNs: InterferontypeI, Interferontype II and Interferontype III. The type II IFN, also called IFNγ, is produced...
for the inflammatory process. This may be due to the production of InterferontypeI that inhibits the CRP production in liver cells during SLE. CRP is...
over the counter. Cholecalciferol appears to stimulate the body's interferontypeI signaling system that protects against bacteria and viruses, unlike...
2009). "Mechanisms of evasion of the typeIinterferon antiviral response by flaviviruses". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 29 (9): 521–30....
erythematosus. It binds to the typeIinterferon receptor, blocking the activity of typeIinterferons such as interferon-α and interferon-β.[medical citation needed]...
these viruses evade the host innate immune system, in particular interferontypeI response. Infection of cultured cells with human rhinovirus 1A results...
showed that they cause an increase in cell death and the production of interferontypeI (an inflammatory mediator). In vitro, gluten alters cellular morphology...
mechanism of action of dexamethasone involves suppression of late-stage interferontypeI programs in severe COVID-19 patients. Dexamethasone is used fairly...
phosphorylating receptor subunits. It is also component of both the type I and type III interferon signaling pathways. As such, it may play a role in anti-viral immunity...
proliferation of further CD4+ Th1 cells. CD4+ T cells secrete IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFNγ), inducing the further release of other Th1 cytokines, thus...
dendritic cells (pDCs) are a rare type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection...
recessive types of osteogenesis imperfecta. Defects in the proteins pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and bone-restricted interferon-induced transmembrane...
Interferon tau (IFNτ, IFNT) is a TypeIinterferon made of a single chain of amino acids. IFN-τ was first discovered in ruminants as the signal for the...
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