14th-century Muslim Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar
For other uses, see Ibn Battuta (disambiguation).
Shaykh[1]
Ibn Battuta
ابن بطوطة
1878 illustration by Léon Benett showing Ibn Battuta (center) and his guide (left) in Egypt
Born
24 February 1304
Tangier, Marinid Sultanate
Died
1369 (aged 64–65)
Marrakesh, Marinid Sultanate[2]
Other names
The Islamic Marco Polo
Ibn battuta al-Tanji
Occupation(s)
Traveller, Geographer, explorer, scholar
Era
Post-classical history
Notable work
Rihla
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)
Shams al-Dīn
Patronymic (Nasab)
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf
Teknonymic (Kunya)
ʾAbū ʿAbd Allāh
Epithet (Laqab)
ibn Baṭṭūṭah
Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (/ˌɪbənbætˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369),[a] commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar.[7] Over a period of thirty years from 1325 to 1354, Ibn Battuta visited most of North Africa, the Middle East, East Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, the Iberian Peninsula, and West Africa. Near the end of his life, he dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling, but commonly known as The Rihla.
Ibn Battuta travelled more than any other explorer in pre-modern history, totalling around 117,000 km (73,000 mi), surpassing Zheng He with about 50,000 km (31,000 mi) and Marco Polo with 24,000 km (15,000 mi).[8][9][10] There have been doubts over the historicity of some of Ibn Battuta's travels, particularly as they reach farther East.
^Norris, H. T. (1959). "Ibn Baṭṭūṭah's Andalusian Journey". The Geographical Journal. 125 (2): 185–196. doi:10.2307/1790500. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1790500.
^Roynard, Romy (22 November 2018). "Sur les traces d'Ibn Battuta : le Maroc". National Geographic (in French). Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^Meri, Yousef (2 July 2019). "Ibn Baṭṭūṭa". obo. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
^Paul Starkey (2013). "Ibn Battuta". In Ian Richard Netton (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Routledge. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-135-17960-1.
^Pryor, John H. (3 April 2013). "The adventures of Ibn Battuta: a Muslim traveller of the 14th century (review)". Parergon. 10 (2): 252–253. doi:10.1353/pgn.1992.0050. ISSN 1832-8334. S2CID 144835824. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
^Chism, Christine (2013). "Between Islam and Christendom: Ibn Battuta's Travels in Asia Minor and the North". Cosmopolitanism and the Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 59–78. doi:10.1057/9781137045096_4. ISBN 978-1-349-34108-5.
^[3][4][5][6]
^Parker, John (2004), "Marco Polo", The World Book Encyclopedia, vol. 15 (illustrated ed.), United States: World Book, Inc., ISBN 978-0-7166-0104-3
^Dunn 2005, p. 20.
^Nehru, Jawaharlal (1989). Glimpses of World History. Oxford University Press. p. 752. ISBN 978-0-19-561323-0. After outlining the extensive route of Ibn Battuta's Journey, Nehru notes: "This is a record of travel which is rare enough today with our many conveniences. ... In any event, Ibn Battuta must be amongst the great travellers of all time."
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Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (/ˌɪbən bætˈtuːtɑː/; 24 February 1304 – 1368/1369), commonly known as IbnBattuta, was a Maghrebi traveller...
The IbnBattuta Mall is a large shopping mall on the Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, UAE, close to Interchange 6 for Jabal Ali 1 in southwest Dubai. It opened...
of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling, is the travelogue written by IbnBattuta, documenting his lifetime of travel and exploration, which according...
was a legendary warrior princess recorded in the travel accounts of IbnBattuta (1304 – possibly 1368 or 1377 AD). She was described to be a princess...
stock and a follower of the Mongol chief Alaghu. The Moroccan traveler IbnBattuta states with reference to the Sufi saint Rukn-e-Alam that Tughluq belonged...
in several languages: Persian, Hindavi, Arabic, Sanskrit and Turkic. IbnBattuta, the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about...
This is a List of places visited by IbnBattuta in the years 1325–1353. The Moroccan traveller IbnBattuta set out from his native town of Tangiers on...
Abu Bakr, a brother of Sunjata, the first mansa of the Mali Empire. IbnBattuta, who visited Mali during the reign of Musa's brother Sulayman, said that...
Empire comes from 14th-century Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun, 14th-century Moroccan traveller IbnBattuta and 16th-century Andalusian traveller Leo Africanus...
Tangier IbnBattuta Airport Arabic: مطار طنجة ابن بطوطة) (IATA: TNG, ICAO: GMTT) is an international airport serving Tangier, the capital city of the...
E–1400 C.E.) is a Southeast Asian kingdom described in the journals of IbnBattuta. Guesses to the location of Tawalisi have included Java,: 115 Pangasinan...
receiving baptism, however, he was released from his doggish aspect. IbnBattuta encountered what were described as "dog-mouthed" people on his journey...
that IbnBattuta employed an intermediary, an agent to complete the trade. Women were also traded as gifts across the Muslim world. IbnBattuta writes...
who had met with IbnBattuta in his previous travels and arrived in China before Battuta had, and who possibly allowed for Battuta to later visit the...
Arabic-speaking Tunisian Jewish merchant Abraham Ben Yiju. The Moroccan traveller IbnBattuta, who had visited the town in 1342, referred to it as Manjarur, and stated...
shows that Ibn Fattouma is modeled off of IbnBattuta, but is not a mirror image of him. Ibn Fattouma criticizes his homeland, whereas IbnBattuta idealized...
respectively. This is also seen when IbnBattuta visited Mogadishu, he mentions that the Sultan at that time 'Abu Bakr ibn Shaikh Omar', was a Berber (Somali)...
Sultanate around 1335 CE. His daughter was married to the historian IbnBattuta and his son Ibrahim was the purse bearer of Muhammad bin Tughluq. When...
Marchan. The stadium is named after the Moroccan scholar and explorer IbnBattuta. The inaugural match was played on 26 April 2011 between IR Tanger and...
medieval Arabic travel literature, like those written by IbnBattuta (known commonly as The Rihla) and Ibn Jubayr, includes a description of the "personalities...
Arabic-speaking Berber scholar and explorer IbnBattuta visited the Kilwa Sultanate in the Zanj. IbnBattuta recorded his visit to the city around 1331...
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