History of the Islamic Republic of Iran information
History of Iran after the 1979 revolution
This article is about the history of Iran after the 1979 revolution. For the history of Iran before 1979, see History of Iran.
See also: Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(November 2016)
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History of Iran
Prehistoric period
BC
Baradostian culture
c. 36,000–18,000
Zarzian culture
c. 20,000–10,000
Shulaveri–Shomu culture
c. 6000–5000
Ancient period
Kura–Araxes culture
3400–2000
Proto-Elamite
3200–2700
Jiroft culture
c. 3100–2200
Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua
c. 3100-675
Elam
2700–539
Marhaši
c. 2550-2020
Oxus Civilization
c. 2400–1700
Akkadian Empire
2400–2150
Kassites
c. 1500–1155
Avestan period
c. 1500–500
Neo-Assyrian Empire
911–609
Urartu
860–590
Mannaea
850–616
Zikirti
750-521
Saparda
720-670
Imperial period
Median Empire
678–550 BC
Scythian Kingdom
652–625 BC
Anshanite Kingdom
635 BC–550 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire
626 BC–539 BC
Sogdia
c. 6th century BC–11th century AD
Achaemenid Empire
550 BC–330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia
331 BC–428 AD
Atropatene
c. 323 BC–226 AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia
320s BC–17 AD
Seleucid Empire
312 BC–63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus
281 BC–62 BC
Fratarakas
3rd-century BC–132 BC
Parthian Empire
247 BC–224 AD
Elymais
147 BC–224 AD
Characene
141 BC–222 AD
Kings of Persis
132 BC–224 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
19 AD–224/5
Paratarajas
125–300
Sasanian Empire
224–651
Zarmihrids
6th century–785
Qarinvandids
550s–11th century
Medieval period
Rashidun Caliphate
632-661
Umayyad Caliphate
661–750
Abbasid Caliphate
750–1258
Dabuyids
642–760
Bavandids
651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand
651–760
Baduspanids
665–1598
Justanids
791 – 11th century
Alid dynasties
864 – 14th century
Tahirid dynasty
821–873
Samanid Empire
819–999
Saffarid dynasty
861–1003
Ghurid dynasty
pre-879 – 1215
Sajid dynasty
889–929
Sallarid dynasty
919–1062
Ziyarid dynasty
930–1090
Ilyasids
932–968
Buyid dynasty
934–1062
Rawadid dynasty
955–1070
Hasanwayhids
959–1095
Ghaznavid dynasty
977–1186
Annazids
990/1–1117
Kakuyids
1008–1141
Nasrid dynasty
1029–1236
Shabankara
1030–1355
Seljuk Empire
1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty
1077–1231
Eldiguzids
1135–1225
Atabegs of Yazd
1141–1319
Salghurids
1148–1282
Hazaraspids
1155–1424
Pishkinid dynasty
1155–1231
Khorshidi dynasty
1184-1597
Qutlugh-Khanids
1223-1306
Mihrabanids
1236–1537
Kurt dynasty
1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire
1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty
1335–1357
Muzaffarid dynasty
1335–1393
Jalayirid Sultanate
1337–1376
Sarbadars
1337–1376
Injuids
1335–1357
Afrasiyab dynasty
1349–1504
Mar'ashis
1359–1596
Timurid Empire
1370–1507
Kar-Kiya dynasty
1370s–1592
Qara Qoyunlu
1406–1468
Aq Qoyunlu
1468–1508
Early modern period
Safavid Iran
1501–1736
(Hotak dynasty)
1722–1729
Afsharid Iran
1736–1796
Zand dynasty
1751–1794
Modern period
Qajar Iran
1789–1925
Pahlavi Iran
1925–1979
Contemporary period
Iranian Revolution
1979
Interim Government
1979
Islamic Republic
1979–present
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One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The authoritarian monarchy was replaced by a long-lasting Shiite Islamic republic based on the principle of guardianship of Islamic jurists, (or Velayat-e faqih), where Shiite jurists serve as head of state and in many powerful governmental roles. A pro-Western, pro-American foreign policy was exchanged for one of "neither east nor west", said to rest on the three "pillars" of mandatory veil (hijab) for women, and opposition to the United States and Israel.[1] A rapidly modernizing capitalist economy[2][3] was replaced by a populist and Islamic economy and culture.
The leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was the Supreme Leader of Iran until his death in 1989.[4] He was followed by Ali Khamenei.
From 1999 to present, there have been a series of political/social/economic protest movements in Iran, the July 1999 student protests, 2009 presidential election protests, protests in 2011–2012, 2019–2020 and the 2022-2023 Mahsa Amini protests. All have been violently suppressed by the government and several hundred people have been killed.[5]
^Sadjadpour, Karmin. "Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran's Most Powerful Leader" (PDF). p. 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-27.
^["Modern Iran: roots and results of revolution", p.133, 227
^Iran: The Illusion of Power by Robert Graham, p.18, 19, 20, 83
^"international relations: The Iranian revolution". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2007-12-15.
^"FACT SHEET: Protests in Iran 1979-2023". The Iran Primer. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
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