Harla Kingdom[1] was a 6th century Harla state centered around what is present day eastern Ethiopia.[2][3] The kingdom had trading relations with the Ayyubid and Tang dynasties.[4] It also established its own currency and calendar.[5] The kingdom is mentioned by Ethiopian as well as Arab medieval writers including al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il and Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi.[6][7][8][9] According to researcher Dominico Patassini, Harla kingdom was succeeded by Harar city-state in the sixteenth century.[10] Timothy Insoll identifies the Harlaa ruins to be Hubat the capital of the Harla state.[11]
Harla Kingdom
501–1500
Capital
Harlaa
Common languages
Harla
Religion
Traditional religion(s); (before c.701) Islam; (after c. 701)
Government
Monarchy
History
• Established
501
• Disestablished
1500
Succeeded by
Sultanate of Shewa
Harar
Recent excavations indicated consumption of wild pigs were prevalent in Harla as opposed to in neighboring Kingdom of Aksum. The excavations were done by the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies of the University of Exeter as part of the Becoming Muslim project at the urban sites of Harlaa in 2017-2019, Harar in 2014-2018, and Ganda Harla 2014, located in the eastern part of Ethiopia. Substantial assemblages of faunal remains were recovered over the seasons.
The Harlaa archaeological site is located 40 km north-west of Harar and 15 km southeast of Dire Dawa and is the ‘Harla’ stone-built towns and funerary monuments whose origins are ascribed by the Oromo people to a legendary ancient race of giants who occupied the region before the Oromo arrived in the area. Harlaa was a large urban centre covering an area of around 500m east to west and 900m north to south excluding outlying cemeteries. It was composed of several elements including a central settlement area, workshops, three early mosques, wells, lengths of fortification wall, and cemeteries to the north, east, and west. Harlaa predates both Harar and Ganda Harlaa and provided the longest chronology with dates spanning between the mid-6th and early 15th century.
The Harar site is situated in the Harar Plateau in a more heavily vegetated landscape, having an area of 1000×800m, and at its core the historic city of Harar which is surrounded by a wall and is accessed by five gates. The excavations indicated that occupation in Harar postdated the 15th century and that the city and its mosques were linked with the establishment of Harar as the capital of the Sultanate of Adal.
The Ganda Harla is an abandoned settlement located 12.5 km southeast of Harar on a hill west of the village of Sofi and is linked with the Harla in local tradition. The zooarchaeological data indicated the inhabitants were hunters of wild animals in open terrain and scrub hillsides with the exception of Kobus kob which are more commonly found at lower elevations such as in valleys and riverine grasslands. The locals also kept domesticated animals such cattle (Bos taurus/indicus), goat (Capra hircus), sheep, and transport livestock such as donkey, horse and camel. The excavations also uncovered significant evidence for manufacturing and participation in regional and international Red Sea and western Indian Ocean trade networks. The study concluded the inhabitants use of heavy knives and carcass dismemberment showed they had cultural commonalities with the Islamic world of Arabia, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Levant, and Iberia despite the lack of butchery discussions in zooarchaeological literature from the Islamic world and their non-observance of Islamic dietary laws.[12][13]
^Belayneh, Anteneh (2014). "Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat human ailments in the prehistoric place of Harla and Dengego valleys, eastern Ethiopia". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 10: 18. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-18. PMC 3933041. PMID 24499509.
^"Archaeologists in Ethiopia uncover ancient city in Harlaa". BBC NEWS.
^"Early African Muslims had cosmopolitan, halal diet, shows discovery of thousands of ancient animal bones". Phys.org. University of Exeter.
^Peacock, A.C.S (8 March 2017). Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9781474417143.
^"Office exerts effort to preserve historical heritage site". Ethiopian Press. Archived from the original on 2022-02-13.
^Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and state(PDF). University of London. p. 284.
^Harla. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
^Chekroun, Amelie. Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din. de l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. pp. 197–198.
^Cerulli, Enrico. Islam yesterday and today. p. 203.
^Press Digest. Anasir Publishers. 2006.
^Khalaf, Nadia. Material cosmopolitanism: the entrepot of Harlaa as an Islamic gateway to eastern Ethiopia. Cambridge University Press.
^Gaastra, Jane. "Animal Economies and Islamic Conversion in Eastern Ethiopia: Zooarchaeological Analyses from Harlaa, Harar and Ganda Harla". Journal of African Archaeology: 24.
^"Early African Muslims had cosmopolitan, halal diet, shows discovery of thousands of ancient animal bones". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
HarlaKingdom was a 6th century Harla state centered around what is present day eastern Ethiopia. The kingdom had trading relations with the Ayyubid and...
indicate Harla lived in the interior of Ogaden and by the seashores prior to Somali and Oromo movements into these regions. The HarlaKingdom existed as...
Stone and Early Iron Ages. HarlaKingdom was a 6th century CE Harla state centered around present day eastern Ethiopia. The kingdom had trading relations with...
Harla ethnicity were assimilated into Karrayyu Oromo in eastern Shewa. The Karrayyu are known to have migrated to Metehara the capital of the Harla Kingdom...
Abi al-Fada'il in the fourteenth century writes that Damot alongside HarlaKingdom were forced to pay tribute to Abyssinia. Originally located south of...
Songhai Empire, the Garamantes the Empire of Ghana, bonk state, HarlaKingdom, Kingdom of Benin, Ife Empire and Oyo Empire. The Ife Empire was the first...
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Islamic traders and sailors. The religion had also began influencing HarlaKingdom in the Horn of Africa early on. Islam is the dominant religion in North...
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principality called Hadiya Sultanate. A connection with the Harla people who lived under the HarlaKingdom in the ninth century has been sometimes assumed but...
come to terms with Abyssinia, were staunchly opposed by the Harari and Harla religious aristocracy led by fanatic warlike emirs. The Sultan Muhammad...
kingdom survived in the form of the Emirate of Harar past the 18th century. Aussa Sultanate Mudaito dynasty Sultanate of Ifat Emirate of Harar Harla people...
the original inhabitants of the region were the Harla people. Harar was part of the HarlaKingdom's domain in the sixth century. In the Islamic period...
by the thirteenth century, the Hararis, Argobbas, the extinct Doba and Harla. Ifat's inhabitants, according to Nehemia Levtzion Randall Pouwels, and...
people may have been an extension of the ancient Harla people. Indeed, there is evidence that Harla architecture may have influenced old buildings (pre-16th...
to as Harlas. Ifat state under Haqq ad-Din II relocated their base to the Harari plateau (Adal) in the fourteenth century. An alliance kingdom ensued...
Ethiopian highlands and more so the lowlands were the home of the Harari/Harla that founded Sultanates such as Ifat and Adal and the Afars. In the central...
had summoned 15 notables for the battle, the 8th notable was the King of Harla and the 9th notable was the King of Hubat. According to best known travel...
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