Velká Morava (Velkomoravská říše)(Czech) Veľká Morava (Veľkomoravská ríša)(Slovak) Regnum Marauorum/Marahensium(Latin) Terra Marauorum/Marahensium(Latin)
833–c. 907
A reconstructed banner (vexillum) based on a 9th-century image,[a] with red-purple being the most likely color.
Great Moravia in the late 9th century
Capital
Veligrad
Common languages
Old Slavic Old Church Slavonic Latin (religious)
Religion
Slavic Christianity Latin Christianity Slavic paganism
Government
Monarchy (principality)
kъnendzь or vladyka[b]
• c. 820/830
Mojmír I (first)
• 846
Rastislav
• 870
Svatopluk I
• 894
Mojmír II (last)
History
• Established
833
• Decline and fall
c. 907
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Samo's Empire
Principality of Nitra (disputed)
Vistulans
White Croatia
Duchy of Bohemia
Principality of Hungary
Civitas Schinesghe
Lutici
East Francia
Great Moravia (Latin: Regnum Marahensium; Greek: Μεγάλη Μοραβία, Meghálī Moravía; Czech: Velká Morava[ˈvɛlkaːˈmorava]; Slovak: Veľká Morava[ˈvɛʎkaːˈmɔrava]; Polish: Wielkie Morawy, German: Großmähren), or simply Moravia,[1][2][3] was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to emerge in the area of Central Europe,[4] possibly including territories which are today part of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Poland, Romania, Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine and Slovenia. The formations preceding it in these territories were the Samo's tribal union (631 - 658) and the Pannonian Avar state (567 – after 822).
Its core territory is the region now called Moravia in the eastern part of the Czech Republic alongside the Morava River, which gave its name to the kingdom. The kingdom saw the rise of the first ever Slavic literary culture in the Old Church Slavonic language as well as the expansion of Christianity, first via missionaries from East Francia, and later after the arrival of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 863 and the creation of the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet dedicated to a Slavic language. Glagolitic was subsequently replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet created in the First Bulgarian Empire.
Although the borders of this empire cannot be exactly determined, Moravia reached its largest territorial extent under prince Svatopluk I (Slovak: Svätopluk), who ruled from 870 to 894. Separatism and internal conflicts emerging after Svatopluk's death contributed to the fall of Great Moravia, which was overrun by the Hungarians, who then included the territory of present-day Slovakia in their domains. The exact date of Moravia's collapse is unknown, but it occurred between 902 and 907.
Moravia experienced significant cultural development under King Rastislav, with the arrival in 863 of the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius. After his request for missionaries had been refused in Rome, Rastislav asked the Byzantine emperor to send a "teacher" (učiteľ) to introduce literacy and a legal system (pravьda) to Great Moravia. The request was granted. The missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius introduced a system of writing (the Glagolitic alphabet) and Slavonic liturgy, the latter eventually formally approved by Pope Adrian II.[5] The Glagolitic script was probably invented by Cyril himself and the language he used for his translations of religious texts and his original literary creation was based on the Eastern South Slavic dialect he and his brother Methodius knew from their native Thessaloniki. Old Church Slavonic, therefore, differed somewhat from the local Slavic dialect of Great Moravia which was the ancestral idiom to the later dialects spoken in Moravia and western Slovakia. Later, the disciples of Cyril and Methodius were expelled from Great Moravia by King Svatopluk I, who re-orientated the Empire to Western Christianity.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Bowlus 1995, p. 1.
^Barford 2001, pp. 108–112.
^Curta 2006, pp. 124–133.
^Drulák 2012, p. 91.
^Elvins, Mark Twinham (1994). Towards a People's Liturgy: The Importance of Language. Gracewing. ISBN 9780852442579.
GreatMoravia (Latin: Regnum Marahensium; Greek: Μεγάλη Μοραβία, Meghálī Moravía; Czech: Velká Morava [ˈvɛlkaː ˈmorava]; Slovak: Veľká Morava [ˈvɛʎkaː...
Moravia (Czech: Morava [ˈmorava] ; German: Mähren) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with...
the Principality of Moravia, leading to the formation of GreatMoravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of GreatMoravia, the territory was...
Polish: Świętopełk; Greek: Σφενδοπλόκος, Sfendoplókos), was a ruler of GreatMoravia, which attained its maximum territorial expansion during his reign (870–871...
Ohrid and some other sources, Naum took part in the historic mission to GreatMoravia together with Cyril and Methodius, their disciples Gorazd, Clement of...
of GreatMoravia, a common state of Moravians (Czech ancestors were joined only for a few years). The relatively short existence of GreatMoravia prevented...
The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the religious symbol of Christianity, and is also known as the Cross of Lorraine. Similar to...
Greece, brought Christianity to the GreatMoravia and established the first Slavic script – Glagolitsa. The GreatMoravia fell during the Magyar invasion...
Methodius had great success among Slavs in part because they used the people's native language rather than Latin or Greek. In GreatMoravia, Constantine...
The Margraviate of Moravia (Czech: Markrabství moravské; German: Markgrafschaft Mähren) was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman...
Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under GreatMoravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire...
Pribina's Principality of Nitra with Mojmir's Moravia gave rise to the development a new state "GreatMoravia". Between 800 and 832, a group of Slavic forthills...
modern scholarship, the creation of the early medieval state known as GreatMoravia is attributed either to his or to his successors' expansionist policy...
Rastiz; Greek: Ῥασισθλάβος/Rhasisthlábos) was the second known ruler of Moravia (846–870). Although he started his reign as vassal to Louis the German...
formed around 870 by Czechs as part of the Great Moravian realm. Bohemia separated from disintegrating GreatMoravia after Duke Spytihněv swore fealty to the...
member of the House of Mojmir and since 894 the last known ruler of GreatMoravia. He probably died in the beginning of the 10th century in a battle against...
Moravia and Czech Silesia, in which case the smaller region is referred to as Bohemia proper as a means of distinction. Bohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia...
Zwentibold as the king of Lotharingia. As early as 880 Arnulf had designs on GreatMoravia and had the Frankish bishop Wiching of Nitra interfere with the missionary...
the Czech statehood in its various iterations, including rulers of GreatMoravia in the period since 830 AD. Czechoslovak National Social Party (ČSNS)...
Principality of Nitra and GreatMoravia. Scholars have debated the identification as fortresses of the two castles built in GreatMoravia, based on linguistic...
Moravia and Pribina's Nitra – under Mojmir gave rise to the empire of GreatMoravia. According to Marsina, the inhabitants of Pribina's principality who...
the Banate of Bosnia, and West Slavs in the Principality of Nitra, GreatMoravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, and the Kingdom of Poland. Beginning in the mid-19th...
formed a principality in the 9th century, which was initially part of GreatMoravia, in form of Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia, the predecessors...
of Moravia refers to the spread of the Christian religion in the lands of medieval Moravia (GreatMoravia). What modern historians designate as Great Moravia...
Moraváci, outdated Moravci) are a West Slavic ethnographic group from the Moravia region of the Czech Republic, who speak the Moravian dialects of Czech...
south-eastern Moravia, Záhorie in south-western Slovakia and parts of Lower Austria. In 833 AD, this became the state of GreatMoravia with the conquest...
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