Global InformationGit information
 | |
 A command-line session showing repository creation, addition of a file, and remote synchronization | |
| Original author(s) | Linus Torvalds[1] |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Junio Hamano and others[2] |
| Initial release | 7 April 2005 |
| Stable release | 2.44.0[3] 
/ 23 February 2024 |
| Repository |
|
| Written in | Primarily in C, with GUI and programming scripts written in Shell script, Perl, Tcl and Python[4][5] |
| Operating system | POSIX (Linux, macOS, Solaris, AIX), Windows |
| Available in | English |
| Type | Version control |
| License | GPL-2.0-only[i][7] |
| Website | git-scm |
Git (/ɡɪt/)[8] is a distributed version control system[9] that tracks changes in any set of computer files, usually used for coordinating work among programmers who are collaboratively developing source code during software development.
Git's goals include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows (thousands of parallel branches running on different computers).[10][11][12] Git was originally authored by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for development of the Linux kernel, with other kernel developers contributing to its initial development.[13] It was prompted by the revocation of the free license of BitKeeper, the proprietary source-control management system used for Linux kernel development since 2002. Since 2005, Junio Hamano has been the core maintainer of Git. As with most other distributed version control systems, and unlike most client–server systems, every Git directory on every computer is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full version-tracking abilities, independent of network access or a central server.[14] Git is a free and open-source software shared under the GPL-2.0-only license.
Git's design benefits from Torvalds' experience with Linux and file-system performance, leading to features such as support for non-linear development, efficient handling of large projects, and cryptographic authentication of history. Its toolkit-based design allows for pluggable merge strategies and flexibility in managing version control tasks. Despite its comprehensive feature set, Git has faced security challenges, leading to updates and patches that address vulnerabilities. The trademark "Git" is registered by the Software Freedom Conservancy, marking its official recognition and continued evolution in the open-source community.
Git's adoption has grown rapidly, becoming the most popular distributed version control system, with nearly 95% of developers reporting it as their primary version control system as of 2022.[15] It is the most widely used source-code management tool among professional developers. There are offerings of Git repository services, including GitHub, SourceForge, Bitbucket and GitLab.[16][17][18][19][20]
- ^ "Initial revision of "git", the information manager from hell". GitHub. 8 April 2005. Archived from the original on 16 November 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "Commit Graph". GitHub. 8 June 2016. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ^ Junio C Hamano (23 February 2024). "[ANNOUNCE] Git v2.44.0". Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "Git website". Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "Git Source Code Mirror". GitHub. Archived from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "Git's LGPL license at github.com". GitHub. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "Git's GPL license at github.com". GitHub. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "Tech Talk: Linus Torvalds on git (at 00:01:30)". Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2014 – via YouTube.
- ^ Chacon & Straub 2014, pp. 29–31.
- ^ Torvalds, Linus (7 April 2005). "Re: Kernel SCM saga." linux-kernel (Mailing list). Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2017. "So I'm writing some scripts to try to track things a whole lot faster."
- ^ Torvalds, Linus (10 June 2007). "Re: fatal: serious inflate inconsistency". git (Mailing list).
- ^ Linus Torvalds (3 May 2007). Google tech talk: Linus Torvalds on git. Event occurs at 02:30. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
- ^ "A Short History of Git". Pro Git (2nd ed.). Apress. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- ^ Chacon, Scott (24 December 2014). Pro Git (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Apress. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-1-4842-0077-3. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Krill, Paul (28 September 2016). "Enterprise repo wars: GitHub vs. GitLab vs. Bitbucket". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
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