This article is about the 1991–1993 civil war in Georgia. For the 15th century civil war in the Kingdom of Georgia, see Triarchy and collapse of the Kingdom of Georgia. For the American Civil War in the State of Georgia, see Georgia in the American Civil War.
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Georgian Civil War
Part of Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Post-Soviet conflicts, Abkhaz-Georgian conflict and Georgian-Ossetian conflict
Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus
Date
December 22, 1991 – December 31, 1993 (2 years, 1 week and 2 days)
Location
Georgia proper (Tbilisi, Rustavi, Mingrelia, Imereti, Guria); Abkhazia; South Ossetia
Result
Gamsakhurdia government expunged
Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists gain control of most of their claims
State Council takes control of Georgia proper
Georgia joins the Commonwealth of Independent States
Belligerents
Government of Georgia (until 6 January 1992)
National Guard of Georgia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia's government in exile (since 6 January 1992)
Zviadists Supported by:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Military Council (until March 1992)
State Council (until October 1992)
Eduard Shevardnadze's government
Georgian Armed Forces
Internal Troops of Georgia
National Guard of Georgia
Supported by:
Russia (since October 1993)
South Ossetian separatists (1991-1992) Abkhazian separatists (since 1992)
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (since 1992) Supported by: Russia
Eduard Shevardnadze Tengiz Sigua Jaba Ioseliani Tengiz Kitovani Shota Kviraia Giorgi Karkarashvili Boris Yeltsin Eduard Baltin
Lyudvig Chibirov Vladislav Ardzinba Musa Shanibov Shamil Basayev
v
t
e
Post-Soviet conflicts
Caucasus
Nagorno-Karabakh
1st
2016
2nd
Border crisis
2022 clashes
2023 offensive
Georgia
South Ossetia
Abkhazia
1st
2nd
Kodori
North Ossetia
Chechen–Russian
1st
2nd
guerrilla phase
North Caucasus insurgency
IS insurgency
Dagestan
Ingushetia
Russo-Georgian
Central Asia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Batken spillover
Kyrgyz revolutions
Tulip
2010
2020
South Kyrgyzstan
Gorno-Badakhshan
Dungan–Kazakh clashes
Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan clashes
2021
2022
Kazakhstan
Karakalpakstan
Eastern Europe
Transnistria
1993 Moscow
Ukraine
Euromaidan
Revolution of Dignity
pro-Russian unrest
Russo-Ukrainian (outline)
annexation of Crimea
Donbas
Kerch Strait
2022 invasion
prelude
Wagner Group rebellion
The Georgian Civil War lasted from 1991 to 1993 in the South Caucasian country of Georgia. It consisted of inter-ethnic and international conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, as well as the violent military coup d'état against the first democratically-elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power.
While the Gamsakhurdia-led rebellion was eventually defeated by the Eduard Shevardnadze-led government, the South Ossetia and Abkhazia conflicts resulted in the de facto secession of both regions from Georgia. As a result, both conflicts have lingered on, with occasional flare-ups.
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Global Information
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Russia (since October 1993)
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (since 1992)
Zviad Gamsakhurdia †
Lyudvig Chibirov
Vladislav Ardzinba