The Emirate of Harar and the Horn of Africa on a map from 1873
Status
Sovereign kingdom (1647–1875) (1884–1887) Subject of the Khedivate of Egypt (1875–1884)
Capital
Ge[1]
Common languages
Arabic, Harari, Somali, Oromo, Argobba
Religion
Sunni Islam
Government
Absolute monarchy
Emir
• early 17th century
`Ali ibn Da`ud
• 19th century
Abdullahi II
History
• Established
1647
• Disestablished
1887
Currency
Mahlak
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Imamate of Aussa
Ethiopian Empire
The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud.
The city of Harar Gey served as its sole capital.[1] Prior to its invasion by Shewan forces under Menelik II, the League of Nations noted that the Harar Emirate made up the area between the rivers Awash and Shebelle while the Ogaden was a tributary state.[3] Originally however the Harar Emirate composed of present-day Somalia and to the south of eastern Ethiopia including the Arsi Province.[4] Numerous Oromo and Somali clans in the region paid tax to the Emirate as late as the 18th century despite their gradual annexation of lands in the Harari state.[5] Harar also dominated trade in Shewa.
Harar's influence began shrinking in the 19th century possibly due to lack of resources and famine.[4][6] Like all Muslim states in the area, the Emirate of Harar was technically under the protection of the Ottoman Empire. Egypt annexed the Emirate in 1875. The British Empire defeated the Khedivate and occupied its territories in 1882 including Harar, but the British agreed to evacuate Harar and essentially cede the city to the Ethiopian Empire's sphere of influence in exchange for assistance against Mahdist forces in Sudan. As per the terms of their agreement (the Hewett Treaty), the British withdrew from Harar in 1884, leaving the city to the son of the former Emir of Harar with a few hundred rifles, some cannon and a handful of British trained officers. The Emirate would be finally destroyed and annexed by the armies of Negus Sahle Maryam of Shewa (the future Emperor Menelik II) in 1887 following the Emirate's defeat at the Battle of Chelenqo.
^ abMordechai, Abir. Trade and Politics in the Ethiopian Region 1830-1855(PDF). University of London. p. 246.
^Dunn, John P. (2005). Khedive Ismail's Army. Psychology Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7146-5704-2.
^Ethiopia: land of slavery & brutality(PDF). League of Nations. 1935. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2019-02-18.
^ abBen-Dror, Avishai (2018). Emirate, Egyptian, Ethiopian: Colonial Experiences in Late Nineteenth-Century Harar. Syracuse University Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780815654315.
^Raymond, André (2008). The City in the Islamic World. BRILL. p. 627. ISBN 978-9004162402.
The EmirateofHarar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from...
first mention of the ashrafi and mahallak as denominations of money in Harar. The EmirateofHarar also struck its own currency, the earliest possible issues...
Arab factions. A Harar faction split from the Imamate in 1647 forming their own independent emirate. The 17th century saw the inclusion of upland Harla and...
Bakri Salih of the EmirateofHarar. The Shewan forces were routed. In response to king Menelik's orders to occupy the EmirateofHarar, in September 1886...
on Harar. Menelik had desired control of the city ofHarar for some time. Menelik's general suffered a defeat at the hands of the EmirateofHarar's forces...
times, neighboring state EmirateofHarar became the center of commerce while imports and exports passed through the port of Zeila, operated by Muslim...
the EmirateofHarar period, Hararis sent missionaries to convert Oromo to Islam. The loss of the crucial Battle of Chelenqo marked the end ofHarar's independence...
Arabian Peninsula to spread Islam in 12th and 13th century. In 1647, EmirateofHarar was established when Harari people refused to accept Imam Umar Din...
Sidama. In the beginning of the early seventeenth century, the lands of Arsi Oromo were under the EmirateofHarar however the Emirate gradually lost control...
of Ottoman domination when the independence of the EmirateofHarar was interrupted by Ottoman-Egyptian rule which resulted in the EmirateofHarar being...
This is chronology of Dire Dawa, a self-governing city in eastern Ethiopia, beginning with annexation from EmirateofHarar by Emperor Menelik II. 1887...
Sultanate (1415–1555) Sultanate of Harar (1526–1577) EmirateofHarar (1647–1887) Sultanate of the Geledi (late 17th century – late 19th century) Majeerteen...
Darfur Asmadin of Wej Usman Oda ofEmirateofHarar, father of Oromo scholar Bakri Sapalo Abun Adashe of Adal Sultanate Dhidhin, first chief of the Somali...
and the Somali Region, especially around the ancient cities of Chinaksen, Harar and between the city and Jigjiga. As a Dir sub-clan, the Jaarso have immediate...
EmirateofHarar the successor state of Adal would continue to influence the region as numerous Oromo people converted to Islam during the reign of emir...
list of wars involving the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (modern-day Ethiopia) and its predecessor states. Hassen, Mohammed. Oromo of Ethiopia...
Menelik's regime after the conquest of the EmirateofHarar. His son Abubakar was born eight years after the conquest ofHarar, and probably some sixteen years...
of Sabr Ad-adin, the son of ʽAli ibn Daʽud, founder of the new EmirateofHarar dynasty. TESFAYE, Adil. THE EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL CITY CENTER OF HARAR...
region consisted mostly of the territory of the EmirateofHarar annexed by Menelik II in 1887. Including Ethiopia's part of the Ogaden, Haraghe was bounded...
the Harla colony. 1520 – Harar became the capital of Adal Sultanate under Sultan Abu Bakr ibn. 1647 – the EmirateofHarar was founded when the Harari...
in the EmirateofHarar. Muslim Sufis in the surrounding areas also used it to intensify their mystical experience and to facilitate a sense of union with...
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