Tanner (2009) estimates the Wu population to be about one-sixth of the Han population.[3] This would be much more than the numbers given in 238 and 280, and could be because of census methods used in ancient China.[4]
Eastern Wu
Traditional Chinese
東吳
Simplified Chinese
东吴
Hanyu Pinyin
Dōng Wú
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Dōng Wú
Bopomofo
ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Dong Wu
Wade–Giles
Tung1 Wu2
Tongyong Pinyin
Dong Wú
Yale Romanization
Dūng Wú
MPS2
Dūng Wú
IPA
[tʊ́ŋ ǔ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Dūng Ng̀h
Jyutping
Dung1 Ng4
IPA
[tóŋŋ̩̏]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Tang Ngô͘ or Tong Ngô͘
Tâi-lô
Tang Ngôo or Tong Ngôo
Sun Wu
Traditional Chinese
孫吳
Simplified Chinese
孙吴
Hanyu Pinyin
Sūn Wú
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Sūn Wú
Bopomofo
ㄙㄨㄣ ㄨˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Suen Wu
Wade–Giles
Sun1 Wu2
Tongyong Pinyin
Sun Wú
Yale Romanization
Swūn Wú
MPS2
Suēn Wú
IPA
[swə́n ǔ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Syūn Ng̀h
Jyutping
Syun1 Ng4
IPA
[sýːnŋ̩̏]
Wu (Chinese: 吳; pinyin: Wú; Middle Chinese *ŋuo < Eastern Han Chinese: *ŋuɑ[5]), known in historiography as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. It previously existed from 220 to 222 as a vassal kingdom nominally under Cao Wei, its rival state, but declared complete independence from Cao Wei in November 222. It was elevated to an empire in May 229 after its founding ruler, Sun Quan (Emperor Da), declared himself emperor.
The name "Wu" was derived from the place it was based in—the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta) region, which was also historically known as "Wu". It was referred to as "Dong Wu" ("Eastern Wu") or "Sun Wu" by historians to distinguish it from other Chinese historical states with similar names which were also located in that region, such as the Wu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Wuyue kingdom in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was called "Eastern Wu" because it occupied most of eastern China in the Three Kingdoms period, and "Sun Wu" because the family name of its rulers was "Sun".
During its existence, Wu's capital was at Jianye (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), but at times it was also at Wuchang (武昌; present-day Ezhou, Hubei).[6]
^Dardess, John W (2010). "The Three Kingdoms, 221–264". Governing China, 150–1850. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. p. 7. ISBN 978-1603844475. Weakened by internal strife, horrific palace murders, and major defections to the enemy, the last Wu emperor surrendered on 31 May 280, and his realm was annexed to the Jin.
^Tanner, Harold M. (2009). "Chapter 5: The Age of Warriors and Buddhists". China: A History. Hackett Publishing. p. 142. When it was established, Wu had only one-sixth of the population of the Eastern Han Empire (Cao Wei held over two-thirds of the Han population).
^Bertrand Russell (1922). Problem of China. London: George Allen & Unwin.
^Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. p. 52
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