Instruction that associates documents with a document type definition
A document type declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular XML or SGML document (for example, a web page) with a document type definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a particular version of HTML 2.0 - 4.0).[1] In the serialized form of the document, it manifests as a short string of markup that conforms to a particular syntax.
The HTML layout engines in modern web browsers perform DOCTYPE "sniffing" or "switching", wherein the DOCTYPE in a document served as text/html determines a layout mode, such as "quirks mode" or "standards mode". The text/html serialization of HTML5, which is not SGML-based, uses the DOCTYPE only for mode selection. Since web browsers are implemented with special-purpose HTML parsers, rather than general-purpose DTD-based parsers, they do not use DTDs and never access them even if a URL is provided. The DOCTYPE is retained in HTML5 as a "mostly useless, but required" header only to trigger "standards mode" in common browsers.[2]
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^"The HTML syntax ― HTML5". Retrieved 2011-06-05.
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