Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისი, romanized:dmanisi, pronounced[dmanisi], Azerbaijani: Başkeçid) is a town and archaeological site in the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia approximately 93 km southwest of the nation’s capital Tbilisi in the river valley of Mashavera. The hominin site is dated to 1.8 million years ago.[2][3][4] It was the earliest known evidence of hominins outside Africa before stone tools dated to 2.1 million years were discovered in 2018 in Shangchen, China.[5][6]
A series of skulls which had diverse physical traits, discovered at Dmanisi in the early 2010s, led to the hypothesis that many separate species in the genus Homo were in fact a single lineage.[7][8] Also known as Skull 5, D4500 is the fifth skull to be discovered in Dmanisi.
^"Population Census 2014". www.geostat.ge. National Statistics Office of Georgia. November 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
^1.85-1.78 Ma 95% CI. Ferring, R.; Oms, O.; Agusti, J.; Berna, F.; Nioradze, M.; Shelia, T.; Tappen, M.; Vekua, A.; Zhvania, D.; Lordkipanidze, D. (2011). "Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (26): 10432–10436. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106638108. PMC 3127884. PMID 21646521.
^Garcia, T., Féraud, G., Falguères, C., de Lumley, H., Perrenoud, C., & Lordkipanidze, D. (2010). "Earliest human remains in Eurasia: New 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Dmanisi hominid-bearing levels, Georgia". Quaternary Geochronology, 5(4), 443–451. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.09.012
^Gabunia, Leo; Vekua, Abesalom; Lordkipanidze, David; Swisher, Carl C.; Ferring, Reid; Justus, Antje; Nioradze, Medea; Tvalchrelidze, Merab; Antón, Susan C.; Bosinski, Gerhard; JöRis, Olaf; Lumley, Marie-A.-de; Majsuradze, Givi; Mouskhelishvili, Aleksander (2000). "Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting, and Age". Science. 288 (5468): 1019–1025. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1019. PMID 10807567.
^Zhu, Zhaoyu; Dennell, Robin; Huang, Weiwen; Wu, Yi; Qiu, Shifan; Yang, Shixia; Rao, Zhiguo; Hou, Yamei; Xie, Jiubing (2018-07-11). "Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago". Nature. 559 (7715): 608–612. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0299-4. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 29995848. S2CID 49670311.
^Barras, Colin (2018-07-11). "Tools from China are oldest hint of human lineage outside Africa". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05696-8. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 188286436.
^New Fossil May Trim Branches of Human Evolution Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Science Friday, Oct 18, 2013.
^"Dmanisi Human: Skull from Georgia Implies All Early Homo Species were One | Anthropology | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისი, romanized: dmanisi, pronounced [dmanisi], Azerbaijani: Başkeçid) is a town and archaeological site in the Kvemo Kartli region...
The Dmanisi hominins, Dmanisi people, or Dmanisi man were a population of Early Pleistocene hominins whose fossils have been recovered at Dmanisi, Georgia...
The Dmanisi skull, also known as Skull 5 or D4500, is one of five skulls discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia and classified as early Homo erectus. Described...
The Dmanisi historic site (Georgian: დმანისის ნაქალაქარი, romanized: dmanisis nakalakari, literally, "the ruined/former town of Dmanisi") is a historic...
D2700, also known as Dmanisi skull 3, is one of five skulls discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia in 2001 and classified as early Homo erectus. It is an almost...
considered early varieties of H. erectus. The primitive H. e. georgicus from Dmanisi, Georgia has the smallest brain capacity of any known Pleistocene hominin...
Dmanisi (Georgian: დმანისის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Dmanisis munitsip’alit’et’i) is a municipality in Georgia's southern region of Kvemo Kartli, covering an area...
toothpick is the oldest instrument for dental cleaning. Hominin remains from Dmanisi, Georgia, dated to about 1.8 million years ago, bear lesions indicating...
The Dmanisi cathedral of the Theotokos (Georgian: დმანისის ღვთისმშობლის სახელობის საკათედრო ტაძარი, romanized: dmanisis ghvtismshoblis sakhelobis sak'atedro...
Ferring; G. Maisuradze; et al. (2002). "A new skull of early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia". Science. 297 (5578): 85–89. Bibcode:2002Sci...297...85V. doi:10...
early Hominini fossils dating back 1.8 million years were found at the Dmanisi archaeological site in Georgia. Scientists now classify the assemblage...
the Parliament of Georgia as an independent candidate to represent the Dmanisi Majoritarian District. Joining the Mikheil Saakashvili-affiliated United...
oldest known human skeletal remains outside of Africa are from Dmanisi, Georgia (Dmanisi skull 4), and are dated to 1.8 Ma. These remains are classified...
H. habilis but instead from a common ancestor. With the publication of Dmanisi skull 5 in 2013, it has become less certain that Asian H. erectus is a...
be one of the richest of the criminal fraternity. Salifov was born in Dmanisi, Georgian SSR to an Azerbaijani family.[citation needed] His first documented...
be the earliest known evidence of hominins outside Africa, surpassing Dmanisi in Georgia by 300,000 years. Between 2 and less than a million years ago...
one. The earliest hominid remains found around the Caspian Sea are from Dmanisi dating back to around 1.8 Ma and yielded a number of skeletal remains of...
the Early Pleistocene. The earliest Homo fossils outside Africa are the Dmanisi skulls from Georgia (dated to 1.77–1.85 million years old, representing...
in the expansion associated with the Neolithic Revolution. Dmanisi skull 5, found in Dmanisi, Georgia, is among the earliest Homo erectus fossils, dated...
(membership in Homo uncertain) Homo naledi† (membership in Homo uncertain) Dmanisi Man, Homo georgicus† (probable early subspecies of Homo erectus) Homo ergaster†...
fossil footbones of Homo erectus (sometimes called Homo georgicus) from Dmanisi, Georgia (c. 1. 8 million years ago) and the roughly contemporaneous fossil...
killed quickly enough that any struggling would be feeble at best. In Dmanisi, Georgia, evidence also exists that Megantereon interacted with hominids...
variation is in early hominins. The 2013 discovery of the 1.8 Ma Georgian Dmanisi skulls which exhibit several similarities with early Homo have led to suggestions...
million years ago, with a number of bones of Mammuthus meridionalis from the Dmanisi site in Georgia having marks suggested to the result of butchery by archaic...
ოროზმანი) is a village in Dmanisi Municipality of Kvemo Kartli region in Georgia. The village is located 4 km (2.5 mi) from Dmanisi and 34 km (21 mi) from...
One of the oldest sites suggested to represent elephant butchery is from Dmanisi in Georgia with cut marks found on the bones of the extinct mammoth species...
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