Clockwise from top: Darul Uloom Deoband, Hussain Ahmed Madani, Taqi Usmani, Shah Ahmad Shafi, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
References and footnotes
Sunni revivalist movement in South Asia
"Deobandism" redirects here. For the political ideologies associated with it, see Islamism.
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Deobandi movement
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Dars-i Nizami
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Founders and key figures
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi
Imdadullah Muhajir Makki
Rahmatullah Kairanawi
Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi
Sayyid Muhammad Abid
Mahmud Deobandi
Muhammad Ali Mungeri
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Anwar Shah Kashmiri
Kifayatullah Dehlawi
Hussain Ahmed Madani
Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi
Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi
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The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband, India, from which the name derives, by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and several others, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They opposed influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulama of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist, secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khilafat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism.
Theologically, the Deobandis uphold the doctrine of taqlid (conformity to legal precedent) and adhere to the Hanafi school. Founders of the Deobandi school Nanautavi and Gangohi drew inspiration from the religio-political doctrines of the prominent South Asian Islamic scholar and Sufi reformer Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762 / 1114–1175 AH). In its early years, Deobandi scholars engaged in theological debates with Christian and Hindu scholars; with the objective of defending Islamic faith, and to form a popular struggle to overthrow British colonialism. Deobandi theologians of Jamiat Ulema e-Hind, in particular, discussed multiculturalism and opposition to the partition of India, with a strategic vision to safeguard the religious freedom of Muslims in India.
In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, Saudi Arabia decided to support the Deobandi movement due to its popularity in the Pashtun regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan, which influenced the movement with Salafi ideals.[according to whom?][dubious – discuss] From the early 1980s to the early 2000s, Deobandis were robustly funded by Saudi Arabia.[according to whom?][dubious – discuss] Pakistan also strongly supported Deobandi Mujahidin to fight the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and India in the Kashmir insurgency, owing to their affiliation with the Pan-Islamist legacies of Shah Waliullah and the Silk Letter Movement in the subcontinent. Alongside Jamaat-e-Islami, Deobandi Islamist militias constituted the most committed volunteers for the anti-communist Afghan Jihad.
The movement has spread from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, and has a presence in South Africa. The Pakistani and Afghan branches and the original Indian seminaries have far less contact since the Partition of India, for political reasons related to the India–Pakistan border. Followers of the Deobandi movement are extremely diverse; some advocate for non-violence and others are militant.
The Deobandimovement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century...
part of the anti-British movement. It gave rise to a traditional conservative Sunni movement known as the Deobandimovement. Students from various regions...
anti-British movement. It gave rise to a traditional conservative Sunni movement known as the Deobandimovement. The DeobandiMovement has an international...
Deobandi jihadism is a militant interpretation of Islam that draws upon the teachings of the Deobandimovement, which originated in the Indian subcontinent...
Sunni Islamic orthodoxy before the rise of Salafism and Deobandimovement. The Barelvi movement is spread across the globe with millions of followers,...
Deobandi fiqh is a school of Islamic jurisprudence that is based on the Hanafi school of Islamic law. It is associated with the Deobandimovement, which...
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (also known as Shaykh al-Hind; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who co-founded...
Deobandīs represent a group of scholars affiliated with the reformist Deobandimovement, which originated in the town of Darul Uloom Deoband in northern...
The Silk Letter Movement ('Tehreek-e-Reshmi Rumal') refers to a movement organised by Deobandi leaders between 1913 and 1920, aimed at gaining Indian independence...
bibliography of DeobandiMovement is a selected list of generally available scholarly resources related to DeobandiMovement, a revivalist movement within Sunni...
British India. His movement was a mass movement, defending popular Sufism, which grew in response to the influence of the Deobandimovement in South Asia and...
Sufism has brought the movement into conflict with the rival Barelvi movement even more so than the Barelvis' rivals, the Deobandis. Ahl-i Hadith followers...
an Islamic seminary (darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. Uttar Pradesh-based Darul Uloom is one of the most important...
promotion of Islamic education and the defense of traditional values. The Deobandimovement has not adopted a singular model to achieve its objectives and has...
at the University of Western Australia, that aims to examine the Deobandimovement from a counter-cultural perspective, with a particular focus on its...
Deobandi (Urdu: دیوبندی, Russian: Деобанди, Bengali: দেওবন্দ, Hindi: देवबन्दी) is a term used for a revivalist movement in Islam. It is centered primarily...
The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of Western-style scientific education for the Muslim population of British India, during...
part of the anti-British movement. It gave rise to a traditional conservative Sunni movement known as the Deobandimovement. Students from various regions...
Afghanistan, is an Afghan militant movement in Afghanistan with an ideology comprising elements of Pashtun nationalism and the Deobandi current of Islamic fundamentalism...
political awareness. Iqbal is called the spiritual father of this movement. The Deobandis, who were organized as the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind led by Hussain Ahmed...
this file? See media help. Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (Urdu: محمد شفیع بن محمد ياسین عثمانی دیوبندی; Arabic: محمد شفيع بن محمد...
Islamic orthodoxy before the rise of Salafism and DeobandiMovement. Ahle Sunnat Barelvi movement is spread across the globe with millions of followers...
(Arabic: ٱلْوَهَّابِيَّة, romanized: al-Wahhābiyya) is a reformist religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th-century Hanbali cleric...
Rizvi, Shahid Hassan (2015). "The Role of Deobandi Ulema in Strengthening the Foundations of Indian Freedom Movement (1857-1924)" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of...
the Barelvi and Deobandi traditions. According to some estimates, more Sunni Muslims adhere to Barelvi doctrine than that of the Deobandi. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq...
Sufism and influenced the Deobandimovement. In response to the Deobandimovement, the Barelwi movement was founded as a mass movement, defending popular Sufism...
and the Deobandi. While the Deobandi is revivalist in nature, the Barelvi are more traditional and inclined towards Sufism. The Gülen movement, usually...