For other people with the same name, see Pope Cyril of Alexandria (disambiguation).
Saint
Cyril of Alexandria
St Cyril of Alexandria, Patriarch, and Confessor
Archdiocese
Alexandria
See
Alexandria
Predecessor
Theophilus of Alexandria
Successor
Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria
Personal details
Born
c. 376
Didouseya, Province of Egypt, Byzantine Empire
Died
444 (aged 67–68) Alexandria, Province of Egypt, Byzantine Empire
Sainthood
Feast day
18 January and 9 June (Eastern Orthodox Church)
27 June (Coptic Church, Catholic Church, Lutheranism)
9 February (Western Rite Orthodox Church, formerly: Catholic Church, 1882–1969)
27 June (Church of England in Common Worship)
Venerated in
Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodoxy
Anglicanism
Lutheranism
Title as Saint
The Pillar of Faith; Seal of all the Fathers; Bishop, Confessor, Bishop of Alexandria, Teacher of the Faith and also (in the Catholic Church) Doctor of the Church
Attributes
Vested as a bishop with phelonion and omophorion, and usually with his head covered in the manner of Egyptian monastics (sometimes the head covering has a polystavrion pattern), he usually is depicted holding a Gospel Book or a scroll, with his right hand raised in blessing.
Patronage
Alexandria
Part of a series on
Catholic philosophy
Aquinas, Scotus, and Ockham
Ethics
Cardinal virtues
Just price
Just war
Principle of Double Effect
Probabilism
Natural law
Personalism
Social teaching
Liberation Theology
Christian Humanism
Virtue ethics
Works of mercy
Metaphysics
Conceptualism
Realism
Moderate realism
Nominalism
Quiddity (essence / nature)
Haecceity
Quinque Viae
Predestination
Theological determinism
Compatibilism
Divine Attributes
Schools
Augustinianism
Victorines
Llullism
Cartesianism
Christian Neoplatonism
Friends of God
Molinism
Ressourcement
Occamism
Scholasticism
Second scholasticism
Neo
Scotism
Thomism
Analytic
Salamanca
Philosophers
Ancient
Ambrose
Athanasius
Augustine
Benedict
Boethius
Clement
Cyprian
Cyril
Gregory (of Nazianzus)
Gregory (of Nyssa)
Irenaeus
Jerome
Cassian
Chrysostom
Climacus
John of Damascus
Justin
Maximus
Dionysius
Origen
Paul
Tertullian
Medieval
Abelard
Albert
Anselm
Aquinas
Bacon
Bede
Berengar
Bernard
Bonaventure
Buridan
Catherine
Eckhart
Eriugena
Giles
Gregory I
Gundissalinus
Hildegard
Hugh
Isidore
Llull
Lombard
Martin
Nicholas
Ockham
Oresme
Paschasius
Roscellinus
Scotus
Symeon
Thierry
Modern
Arnauld
Ávila
Azpilcueta
Bellarmine
Bonald
Bossuet
Brentano
Botero
Cajetan
Chateaubriand
Cortés
Descartes
Erasmus
Fénelon
Gracián
Kołłątaj
Krasicki
La Mennais
Liguori
Maistre
Malebranche
Mariana
Meinong
Mercado
Molina
More
Newman
Pascal
Rosmini
Sales
Soto
Suárez
Vico
Vitoria
Caramuel
Contemporary
Adler
Anscombe
Balthasar
Barron
Benedict XVI
Blondel
Chesterton
Congar
Copleston
Finnis
Garrigou-Lagrange
Geach
Gilson
Girard
Gutiérrez
Dávila
Guardini
Haldane
Hildebrand
John Paul II
Lonergan
Lubac
MacIntyre
Marcel
Marion
Maritain
McLuhan
Mounier
Pieper
Rahner
Stein
Taylor
Catholicism portal
Philosophy portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Overview
Structure
Theology (History of theology)
Liturgy
Church history
Holy Mysteries
View of salvation
View of Mary
View of icons
Background
Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension of Jesus
Christianity
Christian Church
Apostolic succession
Four Marks of the Church
Orthodoxy
Organization
Autonomy
Autocephaly
Patriarchate
Ecumenical Patriarch
Episcopal polity
Canon law
Clergy
Bishops
Priests
Deacons
Monasticism
Degrees
Bratstvo
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
Constantinople
Alexandria
Antioch
Jerusalem
Russia
Serbia
Romania
Bulgaria
Georgia
Cyprus
Greece
Poland
Albania
Czech Lands and Slovakia
North Macedonia
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:
America
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
Ukraine (OCU)
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
Ukraine (UOC)
Autonomous jurisdictions
Sinai
Finland
Estonia (EP)
Japan (MP)
China (MP)
Americas (RP)
Bessarabia (RP)
Moldova (MP)
Semi-Autonomous:
Crete (EP)
Estonia (MP)
ROCOR (MP)
Episcopal assemblies
Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
Austria
Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
Canada
France
Germany
Great Britain and Ireland
Italy and Malta
Latin America
Scandinavia
Spain and Portugal
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
United States of America
Noncanonical jurisdictions
Old Believers
Spiritual Christianity
True Orthodoxy
Catacomb Church
Old Calendarists
American Orthodox Catholic Church
American World Patriarchs
National churches:
Abkhazia
Belarus
Italy
Latvia
Montenegro
Turkey
UOC–KP
Evangelical Orthodox
Ecumenical councils
First Seven Ecumenical Councils:
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Other possible ecumenical councils:
Eighth
Ninth
Other important councils:
Quinisext Council
Jassy
Moscow
Jerusalem
Constantinople (1872)
History
Church Fathers
Pentarchy
Byzantine Empire
Christianization of Georgia
Christianization of Bulgaria
Christianization of Kievan Rus'
Great Schism
Russia
Ottoman Empire
North America
Moscow–Constantinople schism
15th–16th c.
1996
2018
Theology
History of Eastern Orthodox theology
(20th century (Neo-Palamism))
Apophaticism
Chrismation
Contemplative prayer
Essence vs. Energies
Hesychasm
Holy Trinity
Hypostatic union
Icons
Metousiosis
Mystical theology
Nicene Creed
Nepsis
Oikonomia vs Akribeia
Ousia
Palamism
Philokalia
Phronema
Sin
Theosis
Theotokos
Differences from the Catholic Church
Opposition to the Filioque
Opposition to papal supremacy
Liturgy and worship
Divine Liturgy
Divine Services
Akathist
Apolytikion
Artos
Ectenia
Euchologion
Holy Water
Iconostasis
Jesus Prayer
Kontakion
Liturgical entrances
Liturgical fans
Lity
Memorial service
Memory Eternal
Omophorion
Eastern Orthodox bowing
Eastern Orthodox marriage
Praxis
Paraklesis
Paschal greeting
Paschal Homily
Paschal troparion
Prayer rope
Prosphora
Russian bell ringing
Semantron
Sign of the cross
Sticheron
Troparion
Vestments
Use of incense
Liturgical calendar
Paschal cycle
12 Great Feasts
Other feasts:
Feast of Orthodoxy
Intercession of the Theotokos
The four fasting periods:
Nativity Fast
Great Lent
Apostles' Fast
Dormition Fast
Major figures
Athanasius of Alexandria
Ephrem the Syrian
Basil of Caesarea
Cyril of Jerusalem
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nyssa
John Chrysostom
Cyril of Alexandria
John Climacus
Maximus the Confessor
John of Damascus
Theodore the Studite
Kassiani
Cyril and Methodius
Photios I of Constantinople
Gregory Palamas
Other topics
Architecture
Folk
Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
Eastern Orthodox cross
Saint titles
Statistics by country
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Oriental Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodox churches
Coptic
Syriac
Armenian
Indian
Cilicia
Orthodox Tewahedo
Ethiopian
Eritrean
Independent churches
Coptic: British
Syriac: Malabar Independent
Autonomous churches
Coptic: French Coptic Orthodox Church
Armenian: Constantinople, Jerusalem
Syriac: Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
History and theology
History of Oriental Orthodoxy:
Coptic history
Tewahedo history
Syriac history
Saint Thomas Christians
Ecumenical Councils:
Nicaea I
Constantinople I
Ephesus I
Ephesus II
Ephesus III
Dvin I
Dvin II
Dvin III
Dvin IV
Manzikert
Capharthutha
Shirakavan
Hromkla
Theology:
Miaphysitism
Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
Liturgy and practices
Anaphora & Rites:
Alexandrian Rite
Anaphora of Saint Gregory
Armenian Rite
West Syriac Rite
Liturgy of Saint James
Liturgy of Saint Basil
Liturgy of Saint Cyril
Malankara Rite
Holy Qurobo
Calendars:
Armenian
Coptic
Ethiopian
Julian
Gregorian
Bible:
Peshitta
Coptic Bible
Armenian Bible
Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
Cross:
Coptic cross
Armenian Cross
St. Thomas Cross
Ethiopian cross
Major figures
Cyril of Alexandria
Mor Addai
Abgar V
Gregory the Illuminator
Nine Saints of Ethiopia
Tiridates III
Mar Awgin
Athanasius of Alexandria
Ephrem the Syrian
Ezana of Axum
Frumentius
Shenoute
Mesrop Mashtots
Dioscorus of Alexandria
Severus of Antioch
Abraham of Farshut
Yared
Simon the Tanner
Gregory of Narek
Nerses IV
Michael the Syrian
Bar Hebraeus
Tekle Haymanot
Giyorgis of Segla
Mar Thoma I
Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
Geevarghese Gregorios
Related topics
Abuna
Catholicos
Maphrian
Ethiopian titles
Apostolic Church-Ordinance
Coptic monasticism
Coptic saints
Debtera
Coonan Cross Oath
Ethiopian chant
Fast of Nineveh
Coptic fasting
Tewahedo fasting
Timkat
Links and resources
Category
Media
Templates
WikiProject
Christianity portal
v
t
e
Cyril of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: Κύριλλος Ἀλεξανδρείας; Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲁ̅ or ⲡⲓ̀ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ Ⲕⲓⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ; c. 376–444) was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444.[1][2] He was enthroned when the city was at the height of its influence and power within the Roman Empire. Cyril wrote extensively and was a major player in the Christological controversies of the late-4th and 5th centuries. He was a central figure in the Council of Ephesus in 431, which led to the deposition of Nestorius as Patriarch of Constantinople.
Cyril is counted among the Church Fathers and also as a Doctor of the Church, and his reputation within the Christian world has resulted in his titles Pillar of Faith and Seal of all the Fathers.
The Nestorian bishops at their synod at the Council of Ephesus declared him a heretic, labelling him as a "monster, born and educated for the destruction of the church."[3]
Cyril is well known for his dispute with Nestorius and his supporter, Patriarch John of Antioch, whom Cyril excluded from the Council of Ephesus for arriving late. He is also known for his expulsion of Novatians and Jews from Alexandria and for inflaming tensions that led to the murder of the Hellenistic philosopher Hypatia by a Christian mob. Historians disagree over the extent of his responsibility in this.
Cyril tried to oblige the pious Christian emperor Theodosius II (AD 408–450) to himself by dedicating his Paschal table to him.[4] Cyril's Paschal table was provided with a Metonic basic structure in the form of a 19-year lunar cycle adopted by him around AD 425, which was very different from the first Metonic 19-year lunar cycle invented around AD 260 by Anatolius, but exactly equal to the lunar cycle which had been introduced around AD 412 by Annianus; the Julian equivalent of this Alexandrian cycle adopted by Cyril and nowadays referred to as the 'classical (Alexandrian) 19-year lunar cycle' would emerge a century later in Rome as the basic structure of Dionysius Exiguus’ Paschal table (AD 525).[5]
The Catholic Church did not commemorate Saint Cyril in the Tridentine calendar: it added his feast only in 1882, assigning to it the date of 9 February. This date is used by the Western Rite Orthodox Church. Yet the 1969 Catholic Calendar revision moved it to 27 June, considered to be the day of the saint's death, as celebrated by the Coptic Orthodox Church.[6] The same date has been chosen for the Lutheran calendar. The Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches celebrate his feast day on 9 June and also, together with Pope Athanasius I of Alexandria, on 18 January.
Cyril is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 27 June.[7]
^Cite error: The named reference Chapman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cyril (bishop of Alexandria)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 7. (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 706.
^Gibbon, E., Milman, H. Hart. (1871). The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire. A new ed., Phila.: J. B. Lippincott & co. Volume 4, p. 509.
^Mosshammer (2008), pp. 193–194.
^Zuidhoek (2019), pp. 67–74.
^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice, 1969), pp. 95 and 116.
^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
and 29 Related for: Cyril of Alexandria information
Pope Cyril VI ofAlexandria also called Abba Kyrillos VI, Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲋ̅ ; (2 August 1902 – 9 March 1971; 26 Epip 1618 – 30 Meshir 1687)...
of the Cyrillic alphabet Pope Cyril II ofAlexandria, reigned 1078–1092 Greek Patriarch Cyril II ofAlexandria, reigned in the 12th century Cyrilof Turaw...
the Republic of Venice). He later became the Greek Patriarch ofAlexandria as Cyril III and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as Cyril I. He has been...
Alexandria. Toward the end of her life, Hypatia advised Orestes, the Roman prefect ofAlexandria, who was in the midst of a political feud with Cyril...
brought him into conflict with other church leaders, most notably Cyril, Patriarch ofAlexandria. Nestorius himself had requested the Emperor to convene the...
Athanasius I ofAlexandria (c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor, or, among Coptic Christians, Athanasius...
Council of Ephesus, presided over by his archrival CyrilofAlexandria, but the counter-council led by John of Antioch vindicated him and deposed Cyril in...
Council of Chalcedon (451). Such teachings brought Nestorius into conflict with other prominent church leaders, most notably CyrilofAlexandria, who issued...
based on CyrilofAlexandria's formula μία φύσις τοῦ θεοῦ λόγου σεσαρκωμένη, meaning "one physis of the Word of God made flesh" (or "... of God the Word...
of Coptic letters. Pope Cyril IV ofAlexandria (Abba Kyrillos IV), Coptic: Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲩ ⲇ̅ 110th Pope ofAlexandria & Patriarch of the See of St...
man, divine and human. This decree created the Nestorian Schism. CyrilofAlexandria wrote, "I am amazed that there are some who are entirely in doubt...
Cyril I may refer to: CyrilofAlexandria, Patriarch ofAlexandria in 412–444 Cyril I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1612, 1620–23, 1623–33...
of Sebaste, Diodorus of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, John Chrysostom, CyrilofAlexandria, Maximus the Confessor, and John of Damascus. Justin Martyr...
as being of a single nature and having a single essence — a single hypostasis. In the 5th century, a dispute arose between CyrilofAlexandria and Nestorius...
Church, especially the histories of Athanasius and Cyril, who were patriarchs ofAlexandria at the ecumenical councils of Nicaea and Ephesus respectively...
at the First Council of Constantinople (381) and the First Council of Ephesus (431). About two years after CyrilofAlexandria's death in 444, an aged...
representatives of the Antiochene School. The miaphysites upheld the idea of one nature in Christ based on their understanding ofCyrilofAlexandria's teachings...
of Christ. CyrilofAlexandria succeeded in having Nestorius, a prominent exponent of the Antiochian school, condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431...
symbols instead of Coptic letters. Pope Cyril V ofAlexandria (Abba Kyrillos V), 112th Pope ofAlexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark for 52 years...
Library: Theophilus Order of the Magnificat: St. CyrilCyrilofAlexandria Nestorian Theology John of Nikiu, Chronicle: the lynching of Hypatia Socrates and...
it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI ofAlexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Tewahedo (Ge'ez: ተዋሕዶ täwaḥədo)...
1951. In 1959, Pope Cyril VI ofAlexandria crowned Abuna Basilios as the first Patriarch of Ethiopia. Following the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia...
live for ourselves, but for our neighbors." Earlier, CyrilofAlexandria had written that "a crown of love is being twined for him who loves his neighbour...
the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God. Herder. p. 173. Mariology of St CyrilofAlexandria. "St. CyrilOfAlexandria". www.catholicnewsagency.com. Retrieved...