Segment of a molecule which contacts an immune receptor when folded
Recognition of conformational epitopes by B cells. Note how the segments widely separated in the primary structure have come in contact in the three-dimensional tertiary structure forming part of the same epitope[1]
In immunology, a conformational epitope is a sequence of sub-units (usually amino acids) composing an antigen that come in direct contact with a receptor of the immune system.
An antigen is any substance that the immune system can recognize as foreign. Antigens are usually proteins that are too large to bind as a whole to any receptor so only specific segments, that form the antigen, bind with a specific receptor. Such segments are called epitopes. Likewise, it is only the paratope of the receptor that comes in contact with the epitope.
Proteins are composed of repeating nitrogen-containing subunits called amino acids that in nature do not exist as straight chains but as folded whorls with complex loops. The latter is known as the tertiary structure of a protein. So, whenever a receptor interacts with an undigested antigen, the surface amino acids that come in contact may not be continuous with each other if the protein is unwound. Such discontinuous amino acids that come together in three-dimensional conformation and interact with the receptor's paratope are called conformational epitopes. In contrast, if the antigen is digested, small segments called peptides are formed, which bind with major histocompatibility complex molecules, and then later with T cell receptors through amino acids that are continuous in a line. These are known as linear epitopes.[1]
^ abGoldsby, Richard; Kindt, TJ; Osborne, BA; Janis Kuby (2003). "Antigens (Chapter 3)". Immunology (Fifth ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. pp. 57–75. ISBN 0-7167-4947-5.
and 28 Related for: Conformational epitope information
In immunology, a conformationalepitope is a sequence of sub-units (usually amino acids) composing an antigen that come in direct contact with a receptor...
involved epitope residues and the shape or tertiary structure of other segments of the antigen. A conformationalepitope is formed by the 3-D conformation adopted...
distant in the protein sequence. Note that conformationalepitopes can include some linear segments. B-cell epitope mapping studies suggest that most interactions...
e. primary structure). In contrast, most antibodies recognize a conformationalepitope that has a specific three-dimensional shape (tertiary structure)...
components of adaptive immunity. Antigenic escape Antitoxin ConformationalepitopeEpitope Linear epitope Magnetic immunoassay Neutralizing antibody Original...
directed to conformationalepitopes of the immunogenic carboxyl-terminal region of the TPO protein, although antibodies to linear epitopes have been seen...
Szczepek A, Huhn D (April 2001). "Monoclonal antibody FMC7 detects a conformationalepitope on the CD20 molecule: evidence from phenotyping after rituxan therapy...
banana or fruits in general. Natural rubber latex contains several conformationalepitopes located on several enzymes such as Hev b 1, Hev b 2, Hev b 4, Hev...
and the epitope to undergo slight conformational changes in each other's presence. In figure at left, the various segments that form the epitope have been...
and the peptides selected from phage display experiment to map conformationalepitopes. Some of the fast and efficient computational methods are available...
December 2017). "High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Antibody V5 ConformationalEpitope on Human Papillomavirus 16". Viruses. 9 (12): 374. doi:10.3390/v9120374...
though, recognize diverse epitopes—peptide, lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid—and recognize conformationalepitopes, which have three-dimensional...
Peptide-based synthetic vaccines (epitope vaccines) are subunit vaccines made from peptides. The peptides mimic the epitopes of the antigen that triggers direct...
self-tolerance. Epitope spreading or epitope drift – when the immune reaction changes from targeting the primary epitope to also targeting other epitopes. In contrast...
receptors which recognize linear peptide epitopes, B cell receptors recognize a variety of conformationalepitopes (including peptide, carbohydrate, lipid...
Muro Y (2004). "Autoantigenicity of DFS70 is restricted to the conformationalepitope of C-terminal alpha-helical domain". J. Autoimmun. 23 (3): 221–31...
blotting has a major disadvantage in that antibodies targeted against conformationalepitopes can not be detected. On top of that, false positive can occur and...
products. Either the linear amino acid sequence or the conformational fit of the immunodominant epitope may be shared between the pathogen and host. This is...
immunosuppression to maintain graft survival. They are found to express conformationalepitopes, such as MHC molecules, as nonself antigens, which activates both...
against neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer via binding a conformationalepitope". Cell Reports. Medicine. 2 (7): 100344. doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021...
transport signal on Sec22 for packaging into COPII-coated vesicles is a conformationalepitope". Mol. Cell. 26 (3): 403–14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.03.017. PMID 17499046...
antibody contains a paratope that specifically binds to one particular epitope on an antigen, allowing the two molecules to bind together with precision...
design of synthetic peptide vaccines based on the regeneration of conformationalepitopes and self association of such peptides to give high immunogenicity...
transport signal on Sec22 for packaging into COPII-coated vesicles is a conformationalepitope". Mol. Cell. 26 (3): 403–14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.03.017. PMID 17499046...
known to contain physicochemically conserved B cells and T cells specific epitopes, which can be exploited to design vaccine. Recombinant domains of the E...
Lenner; et al. (1 January 1995). "Antibodies against linear and conformationalepitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with...
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