De facto executive government in France (1793–1794)
For other uses, see Committee of Public Safety (disambiguation).
Committee of Public Safety
Comité de salut public(French)
Type
Provisional government
Status
Disestablished
Appointer
National Convention
Constituting instrument
National Convention
Formation
6 April 1793
Abolished
25 October 1795
Succession
Executive Directory
The Committee of Public Safety (French: Comité de salut public) was a committee of the National Convention which formed the provisional government and war cabinet during the Reign of Terror, a violent phase of the French Revolution. Supplementing the Committee of General Defence, created early January 1793, the Committee of Public Safety was created on 6 April 1793 by the National Convention.[1] It was charged with protecting the new republic against its foreign and domestic enemies, fighting the First Coalition and the Vendée revolt. As a wartime measure, the committee was given broad supervisory and administrative powers over the armed forces, judiciary and legislature, as well as the executive bodies and ministers of the convention.
As the committee, restructured in July, raised the defense (levée en masse) against the monarchist coalition of European nations and counter-revolutionary forces within France, it became more and more powerful. In December 1793, the Convention formally conferred executive power upon the committee. Among the members, the radical Montagnard Jacobin Maximilien Robespierre was one of the most well-known, though he did not have any special powers or privileges.[2] After the arrest and execution of the rival factions of Hébertists and Dantonists, sentiment in the Convention eventually turned against Robespierre, who was executed in July 1794. In the following Thermidorian Reaction, the committee's influence diminished after 26 months and it disappeared on the same day as the National Convention, which was 25 October 1795, but it probably continued till the end of the month.[3][4][5]
^Raphaël Matta-Duvignau, Gouverner, administrer révolutionnairement : le Comité de salut public (6 avril 1793–4 brumaire an IV), Paris, L'Harmattan, 2013
^"Committee of Public Safety". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 May 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
^Raphaël Matta-Duvignau, Gouverner, administrer révolutionnairement : le Comité de salut public (6 avril 1793–4 brumaire an IV), Paris, L'Harmattan, 2013 [1]
^"Committee of Public Safety". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^Vol. 67 (Brumaire an IV ; 23 octobre–26 octobre 1795) Collection Baudouin
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