Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction drama film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut. It is the story of Roy Neary, an everyday blue-collar worker in Indiana, whose life changes after an encounter with a UFO.
Close Encounters was a long-cherished project for Spielberg. In late 1973, he developed a deal with Columbia Pictures for a science-fiction film. Though Spielberg received sole credit for the script, he was assisted by Paul Schrader, John Hill, David Giler, Hal Barwood, Matthew Robbins, and Jerry Belson, all of whom contributed to the screenplay in varying degrees. The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with extraterrestrials, in which the third kind denotes human observations of extraterrestrials or "animate beings". Douglas Trumbull served as the visual effects supervisor, while Carlo Rambaldi designed the extraterrestrials.
Made on a production budget of US$19.4 million, Close Encounters was released in a limited number of cities on November 16[5] and 23, 1977,[6] and expanded into wide release the following month. It was a critical and financial success, eventually grossing over $300 million worldwide. It received numerous awards and nominations at the 50th Academy Awards, 32nd British Academy Film Awards, the 35th Golden Globe Awards and the 5th Saturn Awards, and has been widely acclaimed by the American Film Institute.
In December 2007, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.[7][8] A Special Edition was released theatrically in 1980. Spielberg agreed to create this edition to add more scenes that they had been unable to include in the original release, with the studio demanding a controversial scene depicting the interior of the extraterrestrial mothership.[9] Spielberg's dissatisfaction with the altered ending scene led to a third version, the Director's Cut on VHS and LaserDisc in 1998 (and later DVD and Blu-ray). It is the longest version, combining Spielberg's favorite elements from both previous editions but removing the scenes inside the mothership.[10] The film was later remastered in 4K and was then re-released in theaters in 2017 for its 40th anniversary.[11]
^ abc"Close Encounters of the Third Kind". American Film Institute. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
^"Close Encounters of the Third Kind (A)". British Board of Film Classification. December 16, 1977. Archived from the original on August 21, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
^McBride 1997, p. 270–279.
^"Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
^McBride 1997, p. 204.
^Morton, Ray (2007). Close Encounters of the Third Kind: The Making of Steven Spielberg's Classic Film. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-55783-710-3.
^"Librarian of Congress Announces National Film Registry Selections for 2007" (Press release). Library of Congress. December 27, 2007. Archived from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
^"Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 4, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
^Saporito, Jeff (June 3, 2015). "Was the original theatrical ending of "Close Encounters" different than later cuts". ScreenPrism. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
^Singer, Matt (June 10, 2011). "Match Cuts: "Close Encounters of the Third Kind"". IFC. AMC Networks Inc. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
^Timothy J. Seppala (July 26, 2017). "'Close Encounters' returns to theaters with a 4K remaster September 1st". finance.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
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