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Cellular component information


A ribosome is a biological machine that utilizes protein dynamics on nanoscales to translate RNA into proteins

Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life.[1] The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells. DNA, double stranded macromolecule that carries the hereditary information of the cell[2] and found in all living cells;[3] each cell carries chromosome(s) having a distinctive DNA sequence.[4]

Examples include macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, biomolecular complexes such as a ribosome, and structures such as membranes, and organelles. While the majority of cellular components are located within the cell itself, some may exist in extracellular areas of an organism.[5]

Cellular components may also be called biological matter or biological material. Most biological matter has the characteristics of soft matter, being governed by relatively small energies. All known life is made of biological matter. To be differentiated from other theoretical or fictional life forms, such life may be called carbon-based, cellular, organic, biological, or even simply living – as some definitions of life exclude hypothetical types of biochemistry.

  1. ^ Zedalis, Julianne; Eggebrecht, John (2018-03-08). "Ch. 4 Chapter Summary - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax". openstax.org. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  2. ^ Zedalis, Julianne; Eggebrecht, John (2018-03-08). "Ch. 3 Key Terms - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax". openstax.org. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  3. ^ "Contents of Essentials of Cell Biology | Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2024-02-14.
  4. ^ yourgenome, (2014). In: GLOSSARY Chromosome. [online] Available at: https://www.yourgenome.org/glossary/chromosome/ [Accessed 15 Aug. 2023].
  5. ^ Vasyutin, I. A.; Lyundup, A. V.; Viranov, A. Z.; Butnaru, D. V.; Kuznetsov, S. L. (2017). "Urethra Reconstruction with Tissue-Engineering Technology". Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk. 72 (1): 17–25. doi:10.15690/vramn771. ISSN 0869-6047. PMID 29308838.

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Cellular component

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Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and...

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Inflammation

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followed by a cellular phase involving immune cells (more specifically myeloid granulocytes in the acute setting). The vascular component of acute inflammation...

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Protein

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proteins down for metabolic use. Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation...

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Autophagy

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dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Although...

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Epidermis

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nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in...

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Cell fractionation

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separate cellular components while preserving individual functions of each component. This is a method that was originally used to demonstrate the cellular location...

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Haematopoiesis

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sometimes also h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy...

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Glutathione

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archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals...

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Complement component 3

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Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the...

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Extracellular space

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cell). According to the Gene Ontology, the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells...

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Cellular respiration

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Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive...

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Mobile phone

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switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture and therefore mobile telephones are called cellphones...

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Downregulation and upregulation

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process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus. The...

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Cellular network

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A cellular network or mobile network is a telecommunications network where the link to and from end nodes is wireless and the network is distributed over...

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Mitosis

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cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. The different stages of mitosis altogether define the mitotic phase...

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Cytostasis

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inhibition of cell growth and multiplication. Cytostatic refers to a cellular component or medicine that inhibits cell division. Cytostasis is an important...

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Yoshinori Ohsumi

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in autophagy, the process that cells use to destroy and recycle cellular components. Ohsumi is a professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology's Institute...

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Neuron

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endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other cellular components. Additionally, neurons have other unique structures such as dendrites...

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Prokaryote

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characterize the eukaryotic cell. It was once thought that prokaryotic cellular components were unenclosed within the cytoplasm except for an outer cell membrane...

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Humoral immunity

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to as antibody-mediated immunity. The study of the molecular and cellular components that form the immune system, including their function and interaction...

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Cellular differentiation

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Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized...

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Synaptic scaling

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neuron firing an action potential. Therefore, the concentrations of extra-cellular glutamate (and other cations) and the quantity of post-synaptic AMPA receptors...

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Biological process

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transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism). Living things...

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Carbuncle

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purulent exudate (dead neutrophils, phagocytized bacteria, and other cellular components). Fluid may drain freely from the carbuncle, or intervention involving...

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