"Cascading Style Sheets" and "Pseudo-element" redirect here. For pseudoelement symbols in chemistry, see Skeletal formula § Pseudoelement symbols.For other uses, see CSS (disambiguation).
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
The official logo of the latest version, CSS 3
Example of CSS source code
Filename extension
.css
Internet media type
text/css
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
public.css
Developed by
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Initial release
17 December 1996; 27 years ago (1996-12-17)
Latest release
CSS 2.1 : Level 2 Revision 1 12 April 2016; 8 years ago (2016-04-12)
Type of format
Style sheet language
Container for
Style rules for HTML elements (tags)
Contained by
HTML Documents
Open format?
Yes
Website
www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#css
Cascading Style Sheets
Style sheet
CSS Zen Garden
Concepts
animations
box model
image replacement
flexbox
grid
Philosophies
Tableless
Responsive
"Holy grail"
Tools
Sass
Less
Stylus
Comparisons
Stylesheet languages
Cascading Style Sheets
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HTML
Dynamic HTML
HTML5
article
audio
canvas
video
XHTML
Basic
Mobile Profile
HTML element
meta
div and span
blink
marquee
HTML attribute
alt attribute
HTML frame
HTML editor
Character encodings
named characters
Unicode
Language code
Document Object Model
Browser Object Model
Style sheets
CSS
Font family
Web colors
JavaScript
WebCL
Web3D
WebGL
WebGPU
WebXR
W3C
Validator
WHATWG
Quirks mode
Web storage
Rendering engine
Comparisons
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Comparison of browser engines
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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for specifying the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language such as HTML or XML (including XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or XHTML).[1] CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.[2]
CSS is designed to enable the separation of content and presentation, including layout, colors, and fonts.[3] This separation can improve content accessibility;[further explanation needed] provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics; enable multiple web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, which reduces complexity and repetition in the structural content; and enable the .css file to be cached to improve the page load speed between the pages that share the file and its formatting.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.[4]
The name cascading comes from the specified priority scheme to determine which declaration applies if more than one declaration of a property match a particular element. This cascading priority scheme is predictable.
The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998). The W3C operates a free CSS validation service for CSS documents.[5]
In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including XHTML, plain XML, SVG, and XUL. CSS is also used in the GTK widget toolkit.
^"CSS developer guide". MDN Web Docs. Archived from the original on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
^Flanagan, David (18 April 2011). JavaScript: the definitive guide. Beijing; Farnham: O'Reilly. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4493-9385-4. OCLC 686709345. JavaScript is part of the triad of technologies that all Web developers must learn: HTML to specify the content of web pages, CSS to specify the presentation of web pages, and JavaScript to specify the behavior of web pages.
^"What is CSS?". World Wide Web Consortium. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-12-01.
^Clark, Scott (23 July 2010). "Web-based Mobile Apps of the Future Using HTML 5, CSS and JavaScript". HTML Goodies. HTMLGoodies. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
^"W3C CSS validation service". Archived from the original on 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
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