Murder of Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats during the Bosnian War
Bosnian genocide
Part of the ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
Memorial stone at the Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial Centre
Location
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Date
11–13 July 1995 (1995-07-13)(Srebrenica only)
Target
Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and prisoners of war[1]
Attack type
Genocide, genocidal rape, persecution, ethnic cleansing, deportation, etc.
Deaths
Genocide:[a]
8,372 killed (Srebrenica)[2]
25,609–33,071 killed (wider definition of genocide)
Victims
Total: 1.2 million displaced
25000-30000 expelled from Srebrenica
30,000–50,000 women raped
Perpetrators
Army of Republika Srpska (VRS),[2] Scorpions paramilitary group[5]
Motive
Islamophobia, Greater Serbia, Serbianisation
Part of a series on
Genocide
Issues
List of genocides
Genocides in history
Effects on youth
Denial
Massacre
Rape
Incitement
In relation to Colonialism / War
Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders
Prevention
Psychology
Recognition politics
Risk factors
Stages
Types
Anti-Indigenous
Cultural
Utilitarian
Studies
Outline
Bibliography
15th–19th century genocides
Taíno
Dzungar
Indigenous Australian
Black War
Circassian
Moriori
Native American
California
Putumayo
Selk'nam
Early 20th century genocides
Herero and Nama
Greek
Diyarbekir
Sayfo
Armenian
Libyan
World War II (1939–1945)
The Holocaust
Romani
Poles
Serbs
Croats and Muslims
Cold War (1940s–1991)
Bangladesh
Ikiza
East Timor
Cambodian
Guatemalan
Isaaq
Contemporary genocides
Bosnian
Rwandan
Effacer le tableau
Darfur
Yazidi
Iraqi Turkmen
Rohingya
Related topics
Anfal campaign
Anti-communist mass killings
Indonesia 1965–66
Atrocities in the Congo Free State
Compulsory sterilization
Democide
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnocide
Forced assimilation
Maafa
Atlantic slave trade
Black genocide in the United States
Mass killings under communist regimes
Holodomor / genocide question
Massacre of Arabs during the Zanzibar Revolution
Gukurahundi
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
2023 Israeli genocide accusation
Palestinian genocide accusation
2023 Israeli attack on Gaza
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Predictions of a genocide in Ethiopia
Raphael Lemkin
Transgender genocide
Ukrainian genocide accusation
Category
v
t
e
The Bosnian genocide (Bosnian: Bosanski genocid / Босански геноцид) refers to either the Srebrenica massacre or the wider crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS)[6] during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995.[7] The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8000 Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and boys, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25000–30000 Bosniak civilians by VRS units under the command of General Ratko Mladić.[8][9]
The ethnic cleansing that took place in VRS-controlled areas targeted Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats. The ethnic cleansing campaign included extermination, unlawful confinement, genocidal rape,[10][11] sexual assault, torture, plunder and destruction of private and public property, and inhumane treatment of civilians; the targeting of political leaders, intellectuals, and professionals; the unlawful deportation and transfer of civilians; the unlawful shelling of civilians; the unlawful appropriation and plunder of real and personal property; the destruction of homes and businesses; and the destruction of places of worship. The acts have been found to have satisfied the requirements for "guilty acts" of genocide and that "some physical perpetrators held the intent to physically destroy the protected groups of Bosnian Muslims and Croats".[12]
In the 1990s, several authorities asserted that ethnic cleansing as carried out by elements of the Bosnian Serb army was genocide.[13] These included a resolution by the United Nations General Assembly and three convictions for genocide in German courts (the convictions were based upon a wider interpretation of genocide than that used by international courts).[14] In 2005, the United States Congress passed a resolution declaring that the Serbian policies of aggression and ethnic cleansing meet the terms defining genocide.[15]
The Srebrenica massacre was found to be an act of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, a finding upheld by the ICJ.[16] On 24 March 2016, former Bosnian Serb leader and the first president of the Republika Srpska, Radovan Karadžić, was found guilty of genocide in Srebrenica, war crimes, and crimes against humanity and sentenced to 40 years in prison. In 2019 an appeals court increased his sentence to life imprisonment.[17] On 12 May 2021, it was announced that, in an agreement with UK authorities, he would serve the rest of his sentence in a UK prison.[18]
^"Bosnia's Srebrenica massacre 25 years on - in pictures". BBC News. 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
^ abcMojzes, Paul (2011). Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 178. ISBN 978-1-4422-0663-2.
^Peterson, Roger D. (2011). Western Intervention in the Balkans: The Strategic Use of Emotion in Conflict. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-139-50330-3.
^Toal, Gerard (2011). Bosnia Remade: Ethnic Cleansing and Its Reversal. Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-19-973036-0.
^"Serbia: Mladic "Recruited" Infamous Scorpions". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. [1] Archived 13 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^A Witness to Genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the "Ethnic Cleansing" of Bosnia, Roy Gutman
^John Richard Thackrah (2008). The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945, Routledge Companions Series, Taylor & Francis, 2008, ISBN 0-415-36354-3, ISBN 978-0-415-36354-9. pp. 81–82 Archived 3 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine: "Bosnian genocide can mean either the genocide committed by the Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 Bosnian War"
^ICTY; "Address by ICTY President Theodor Meron, at Potocari Memorial Cemetery" The Hague, 23 June 2004 ICTY.org Archived 6 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^ICTY; "Krstic judgement" UNHCR.org Archived 18 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^Fairbanks, Bailey (11 January 2019). "Rape as an Act of Genocide: Definitions and Prosecutions as Established in Bosnia and Rwanda". Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II. 23 (1).
^Syed, Anya (1 January 2023). "Prosecuting Rape as Genocide: An Analysis of the Legal Framework and Challenges in International Law". CMC Senior Theses.
^ICTY; "Karadzic indictment. Paragraph 19" ICTY.org Archived 16 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine
^Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment), ECHR (12 July 2007). §§ 36, 47, 111.
^Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment), ECHR (12 July 2007). §§ 47, 107, 108.
^A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the massacre at Srebrenica in July 1995 Archived 21 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 109th Congress (2005–2006), [S.RES.134]. Archived on 7 January 2016.
^Jorgic v. Germany (Judgment), ECHR (12 July 2007). §§ 47, 112.
^Simons, Marlise (20 March 2019). "Radovan Karadzic Sentenced to Life for Bosnian War Crimes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
^"Radovan Karadžić to serve rest of sentence in British prison". The Guardian. Reuters. 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
The Bosniangenocide (Bosnian: Bosanski genocid / Босански геноцид) refers to either the Srebrenica massacre or the wider crimes against humanity and...
Bosniangenocide denial is the act of denying the occurrence of the systematic Bosniangenocide against the Bosniak Muslim population of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
Izetbegović during the Bosnian War, alleged that Serbia had attempted to exterminate the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The...
genocide, was the July 1995 genocidal killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys in and around the town of Srebrenica, during the Bosnian...
list of prosecutions brought against individuals for the crime of genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and international cases brought against states for...
The Bosnian War (Serbo-Croatian: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and...
of the Bosnian Serb security forces were found guilty of genocide by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (See List of Bosniangenocide prosecutions)...
"Life for Bosnian Serbs over genocide at Srebrenica". BBC News. 10 June 2010. Charter, David (10 June 2010). "Hague court sentences Bosnian Serbs to life...
Ethnic cleansing occurred during the Bosnian War (1992–95) as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes...
the Bosniangenocide case (2007) in which the International Court of Justice held Serbia responsible for failure to prevent the Bosniangenocide. Jørgensen...
nationalists do not acknowledge that genocide occurred in Bosnia despite the ICTY verdict, and argue that the Bosnian death toll is substantially lower than...
"Bosniangenocide can mean either the genocide committed by the Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 Bosnian War"...
to be found in breach of the Genocide Convention were Serbia and Montenegro, and numerous Bosnian Serb leaders. In Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and...
Gravestones and central memorial area (2019) Bosnia and Herzegovina portal Bosnian War BosniangenocideBosniangenocide denial Srebrenica massacre Srebrenica...
many war crimes, including genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing, and mass wartime rape. The Bosniangenocide was the first European wartime...
The magazine attracted attention for denying both the Rwandan genocide and Bosniangenocide. Rebranded as LM in 1992, it ceased publication in March 2000...
year 1377, Bosnia was elevated into a kingdom with the coronation of Tvrtko as the first Bosnian King in Mile near Visoko in the Bosnian heartland. Following...
This list of genocides includes estimates of all deaths which were directly or indirectly caused by genocides that are recognised in significant scholarship...
Advisory Council for Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Canadian Institute for the Research of Genocide, the Bosnian American Genocide Institute and Education...
next steps. Bosnian political parties have different attitudes towards NATO: while Bosniak and Bosnian Croat parties support it, Bosnian Serb parties...
produced in Bosnia. Ćevapi – Bosnian kebabs: small grilled minced meat links made of lamb and beef mix; served with onions, kajmak, ajvar and Bosnian pita bread...
Incitement to genocide is a crime under international law which prohibits inciting (encouraging) the commission of genocide. An extreme form of hate speech...
traditionally associated with Bosnian culture and history. The blue background is evocative of the flag of Europe. The Bosnian national flag is often used...
2021 that denied that the killing of Bosnian Muslims at and around Srebrenica in July 1995 constituted genocide. From 1965 until 1969 Gideon Greif attended...